Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on severe Infectious Disease, Kunming 650118, China.
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on severe Infectious Disease, Kunming 650118, China.
Vaccine. 2022 Jun 21;40(28):3843-3850. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.036. Epub 2022 May 27.
Rotavirus (RV) is a major pathogen causing severe diarrhea in infants and children aged less than 5 years. Vaccination is an economically feasible and effective strategy to prevent rotavirus infections. However, immune efficacy of live vaccines could be interfered by maternal antibodies and pre-existing antibodies of children. To develop an inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV), we had previously isolated a wild-type human rotavirus strain ZTR-68-A (G1P[8]) from the fecal samples of infants having severe diarrhea in a region endemic for the presence of this pathogen. In our present study, we assessed whether the presence of maternal and pre-existing antibodies in newborn BALB/c mice affected the immunogenicity of IRV administered to these animals. Our results indicate that maternal antibodies, generated from either vaccine immunization or rotavirus infection, showed partial influence with the immune responses generated by two doses of IRV vaccination. Increasing the number of immunizations can significantly improve the titer of serum neutralizing antibody and a seroconversion rate of up to 100%. In newborn mice, single-virus infection did not elicit detectable levels of serum neutralizing antibodies. After an IRV vaccination, the immune responses of these mice remained unaffected, with no significant differences in titers compared with those of control-group mice. In summary, choosing a suitable immunization dose and dosing frequency is essential for the immune effectiveness of IRV. The results of this study will provide animal experimental support for the IRV clinical research in future.
轮状病毒（RV）是导致 5 岁以下婴幼儿严重腹泻的主要病原体。疫苗接种是预防轮状病毒感染的一种经济可行且有效的策略。然而，活疫苗的免疫效果可能会受到母体抗体和儿童预先存在抗体的干扰。为了开发一种灭活轮状病毒疫苗（IRV），我们之前从一个轮状病毒流行地区患有严重腹泻的婴儿粪便样本中分离出一株野生型人轮状病毒株 ZTR-68-A（G1P[8]）。在本研究中，我们评估了新生 BALB/c 小鼠体内母体抗体和预先存在抗体的存在是否会影响这些动物接种 IRV 后的免疫原性。我们的结果表明，来自疫苗接种或轮状病毒感染的母体抗体对两剂 IRV 接种产生的免疫反应有部分影响。增加免疫次数可以显著提高血清中和抗体滴度和血清转化率高达 100%。在新生小鼠中，单次病毒感染不会引起可检测水平的血清中和抗体。IRV 接种后，这些小鼠的免疫反应不受影响，与对照组小鼠相比，血清中和抗体滴度没有显著差异。综上所述，选择合适的免疫剂量和接种频率对于 IRV 的免疫效果至关重要。本研究结果将为未来 IRV 的临床研究提供动物实验支持。
