School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA.
Environ Microbiol. 2022 Jul;24(7):2857-2881. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.16034. Epub 2022 May 30.
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for protein function and regulate multiple cellular processes and secondary metabolites (SMs) in fungi. Aspergillus species belong to a genus renown for an abundance of bioactive secondary metabolites, many important as toxins, pharmaceuticals and in industrial production. The genes required for secondary metabolites are typically co-localized in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), which often localize in heterochromatic regions of genome and are 'turned off' under laboratory condition. Efforts have been made to 'turn on' these BGCs by genetic manipulation of histone modifications, which could convert the heterochromatic structure to euchromatin. Additionally, non-histone PTMs also play critical roles in the regulation of secondary metabolism. In this review, we collate the known roles of epigenetic and PTMs on Aspergillus SM production. We also summarize the proteomics approaches and bioinformatics tools for PTM identification and prediction and provide future perspectives on the emerging roles of PTM on regulation of SM biosynthesis in Aspergillus and other fungi.
翻译后修饰（PTMs）对蛋白质功能很重要，并调节真菌中的多种细胞过程和次生代谢产物（SMs）。曲霉属是一个以丰富的生物活性次生代谢产物而闻名的属，其中许多次生代谢产物作为毒素、药物和用于工业生产都很重要。次生代谢产物所需的基因通常共定位于生物合成基因簇（BGCs）中，这些基因簇通常位于基因组的异染色质区域，并且在实验室条件下是“关闭”的。人们已努力通过对组蛋白修饰进行基因操作来“开启”这些BGCs，这可以将异染色质结构转化为常染色质。此外，非组蛋白PTMs在次生代谢的调节中也起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们整理了表观遗传学和PTMs对曲霉属次生代谢产物产生的已知作用。我们还总结了用于PTM鉴定和预测的蛋白质组学方法和生物信息学工具，并对PTM在曲霉属和其他真菌中调节次生代谢物生物合成的新作用提供了未来展望。
