中国一项全国性的青少年和年轻成年人对 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫的横断面研究。
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Older Adolescents and Young Adults: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China.
机构信息
Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Department of Neurology, Puyang People's Hospital, Puyang, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 May 12;10:877668. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877668. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
With promotion of COVID-19 vaccinations, there has been a corresponding vaccine hesitancy, of which older adolescents and young adults represent groups of particular concern. In this report, we investigated the prevalence and reasons for vaccine hesitancy, as well as potential risk factors, within older adolescents and young adults in China.
METHODS
To assess these issues, an online survey was administered over the period from March 14 to April 15, 2021. Older adolescents (16-17 years old) and young adults (18-21 years old) were recruited nationwide from Wechat groups and results from a total of 2,414 respondents were analyzed. Socio-demographic variables, vaccine hesitancy, psychological distress, abnormal illness behavior, global well-being and social support were analyzed in this report.
RESULTS
Compared to young adults ( = 1,405), older adolescents ( = 1,009) showed higher prevalence rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (16.5 vs. 7.9%, < 0.001). History of physical diseases ( = 0.007) and abnormal illness behavior ( = 0.001) were risk factors for vaccine hesitancy among older adolescents, while only a good self-reported health status ( = 0.048) was a risk factor for young adults. Concerns over COVID-19 vaccine side effects (67.1%) and beliefs of invulnerability regarding infection risk (41.9%) were the most prevalent reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Providing evidence on the vaccine reduction of COVID-19 infection risk (67.5%), ensuring vaccine safety (56.7%) and the low risk of side effects (52.7%) were the most effective persuasions for promoting vaccinations.
CONCLUSION
In China, older adolescents showed a higher prevalence for vaccine hesitancy than that of young adults. Abnormal illness behavior and history of physical diseases were risk factors for vaccine hesitancy among these older adolescents, while social support represents an important factor which could help to alleviate this hesitancy.
背景
随着 COVID-19 疫苗的推广，相应地出现了疫苗犹豫现象，其中青少年和年轻成年人是特别值得关注的群体。在本报告中，我们调查了中国青少年和年轻成年人中疫苗犹豫的流行率和原因，以及潜在的风险因素。
方法
为了评估这些问题，我们于 2021 年 3 月 14 日至 4 月 15 日期间进行了在线调查。我们从微信群组中招募了全国各地的青少年（16-17 岁）和年轻成年人（18-21 岁），共分析了 2414 名受访者的结果。本报告分析了社会人口统计学变量、疫苗犹豫、心理困扰、异常疾病行为、整体幸福感和社会支持。
结果
与年轻成年人（n=1405）相比，青少年（n=1009）的 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫率更高（16.5%比 7.9%，<0.001）。有既往躯体疾病史（n=0.007）和异常疾病行为（n=0.001）是青少年疫苗犹豫的危险因素，而仅自我报告的健康状况良好（n=0.048）是年轻成年人疫苗犹豫的危险因素。对 COVID-19 疫苗副作用的担忧（67.1%）和对感染风险不易感的信念（41.9%）是疫苗犹豫的最常见原因。提供疫苗可降低 COVID-19 感染风险的证据（67.5%）、确保疫苗安全性（56.7%）和副作用风险低（52.7%）是促进疫苗接种最有效的说服措施。
结论
在中国，青少年的疫苗犹豫率高于年轻成年人。异常疾病行为和既往躯体疾病史是青少年疫苗犹豫的危险因素，而社会支持是缓解这种犹豫的重要因素。
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