Gao Jian, Zhao Guangyong
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
Anim Nutr. 2022 Jan 23;9:327-334. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.006. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Nitrous oxide (NO) is a potent greenhouse gas as well as the key component depleting the ozone sphere of the earth. Cattle have high feed and water intakes and excrete large amounts of urine and feces. NO can be produced from cattle excreta during storage and use as fertilizer. Mitigating the NO emissions from cattle excreta during production is important for protecting the environment and the sustainable development of the cattle industry. Feeding cattle with low-protein diets increases N utilization rates, decreases N excretion and consequently reduces NO emissions. However, this approach cannot be applied in the long term because of its negative impact on animal performance. Recent studies showed that dietary inclusion of some plant secondary metabolites such as tannins, anthocyanins, glucosinolates and aucubin could manipulate the N excretion and the urinary components and consequently regulate NO emissions from cattle excreta. This review summarized the recent developments in the effects of dietary tannins, anthocyanins and glucosinolates on the metabolism of cattle and the NO emissions from cattle excreta and concluded that dietary inclusion of tannins or anthocyanins could considerably reduce NO emissions from cattle excreta.
一氧化二氮（N₂O）是一种强效温室气体，也是破坏地球臭氧层的关键成分。牛的采食量和饮水量大，会排泄大量尿液和粪便。在储存和用作肥料期间，牛排泄物会产生N₂O。在生产过程中减少牛排泄物的N₂O排放对于保护环境和养牛业的可持续发展至关重要。用低蛋白日粮喂养牛可提高氮利用率，减少氮排泄，从而降低N₂O排放。然而，由于这种方法对动物生产性能有负面影响，不能长期应用。最近的研究表明，日粮中添加一些植物次生代谢产物，如单宁、花青素、芥子油苷和桃叶珊瑚苷，可以控制氮排泄和尿液成分，从而调节牛排泄物的N₂O排放。这篇综述总结了日粮单宁、花青素和芥子油苷对牛代谢及牛排泄物N₂O排放影响的最新进展，并得出结论：日粮中添加单宁或花青素可显著减少牛排泄物的N₂O排放。
