School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Alameda San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Peru.
Red Internacional América Latina, África, Europa, El Caríbe (ALEC) "Territorio(s), Poblaciones Vulnerables y Políticas Públicas." Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 1;22(1):1093. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13459-4.
Immigrants arriving in a new country face changes that affect their social, employment, and migratory status. We carried out a mixed-methods study in the rapidly growing Venezuelan immigrant population in Lima, Peru. The objective was to determine whether there was an association between time in Peru and self-perception of symptom distress (SD), interpersonal relationships (IR), and social role (SR).
The quantitative central component consisted of a cross-sectional study, surveying 152 participants using the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 (OQ-45.2). The qualitative component, based on phenomenology, explored experiences and challenges during the migration process. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted in 16 informants.
An association that was observed was the increase in the risk of clinically significant SR score with additional years of age. All informants mentioned having witnessed or experienced xenophobia in Peru. Every informant stated that significant labor differences existed between the countries. The most reported somatic symptoms were symptoms of anxiety and alterations of sleep. Additionally, no informant expressed a desire to remain in Peru long term.
A minority of participants registered a clinically significant total score and in each of the three domains of SD, IR, and SR. No association between months in Lima and the self-perception of distress was found. However, this could be due to the short amount of time spent in Peru and any change in self-perception might only be perceived after years or decades spent in Peru. This study is one of the first to use mixed-methods to explore the mental health of the immigrant Venezuelan population.
移民到一个新国家会面临影响其社会、就业和移民身份的变化。我们在秘鲁利马迅速增长的委内瑞拉移民群体中进行了一项混合方法研究。目的是确定在秘鲁的时间是否与自我感知的症状困扰（SD）、人际关系（IR）和社会角色（SR）之间存在关联。
定量核心部分包括一项横断面研究，使用 OQ-45.2 量表对 152 名参与者进行调查。基于现象学的定性部分探讨了移民过程中的经历和挑战。对 16 名知情者进行了半结构化深入访谈。
观察到的关联是，随着年龄的增加，SR 评分的临床显著风险增加。所有知情者都提到在秘鲁目睹或经历过仇外心理。每个知情者都表示，两国之间存在显著的劳动力差异。报告最多的躯体症状是焦虑症状和睡眠改变。此外，没有知情者表示希望长期留在秘鲁。
少数参与者在 SD、IR 和 SR 的三个领域的总评分和每个领域的评分中都达到了临床显著水平。在利马的月数与自我感知困扰之间没有发现关联。然而，这可能是由于在秘鲁停留的时间短，任何自我感知的变化只有在在秘鲁度过数年或数十年后才会被感知到。这项研究是首次使用混合方法探索移民委内瑞拉人群的心理健康。
