Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
J Biomed Sci. 2022 Jun 1;29(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12929-022-00818-x.
The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) functions as a cell cycle regulator controlling G1 to S phase transition and plays critical roles in tumour suppression. It is frequently inactivated in various tumours. The functions of pRb are tightly regulated, where post-translational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation and methylation. Most PTMs on pRb are reversible and can be detected in non-cancerous cells, playing an important role in cell cycle regulation, cell survival and differentiation. Conversely, altered PTMs on pRb can give rise to anomalies in cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. In this review, we first summarize recent findings pertinent to how individual PTMs impinge on pRb functions. As many of these PTMs on pRb were published as individual articles, we also provide insights on the coordination, either collaborations and/or competitions, of the same or different types of PTMs on pRb. Having a better understanding of how pRb is post-translationally modulated should pave the way for developing novel and specific therapeutic strategies to treat various human diseases.
视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白（pRb）作为细胞周期调控因子，控制 G1 期到 S 期的转变，在肿瘤抑制中发挥着关键作用。它在各种肿瘤中经常失活。pRb 的功能受到严格调控，其中翻译后修饰（PTMs）起着至关重要的作用，包括磷酸化、泛素化、SUMO 化、乙酰化和甲基化。pRb 上的大多数 PTMs 是可逆的，可以在非癌细胞中检测到，在细胞周期调控、细胞存活和分化中发挥重要作用。相反，pRb 上的异常 PTMs 会导致细胞增殖和肿瘤发生的异常。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了最近关于单个 PTMs 如何影响 pRb 功能的发现。由于 pRb 上的许多 PTMs 都是作为单独的文章发表的，我们还提供了关于 pRb 上相同或不同类型的 PTMs 的协调、合作和/或竞争的见解。更好地理解 pRb 是如何被翻译后修饰的，应该为开发治疗各种人类疾病的新型和特异性治疗策略铺平道路。
