Zheng Yuying, Wang Na, Zhang Zongyu, Liu Wenhui, Xie Wengang
The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 16;13:877908. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877908. eCollection 2022.
Flowering is a significant stage from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in higher plants, which impacts the biomass and seed yield. To reveal the flowering time variations and identify the flowering regulatory networks and hub genes in , we measured the booting, heading, and flowering times of 66 accessions. The booting, heading, and flowering times varied from 136 to 188, 142 to 194, and 148 to 201 days, respectively. The difference in flowering time between the earliest- and the last-flowering accessions was 53 days. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses were performed at the three developmental stages of six accessions with contrasting flowering times. A total of 3,526 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predicted and 72 candidate genes were identified, including transcription factors, known flowering genes, and plant hormone-related genes. Among them, four candidate genes (, and were significantly upregulated in late-flowering accessions. , and were identified as hub genes in the turquoise and blue modules which were related to the development time of flowering by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of found by multiple sequence alignment may cause late flowering. The expression pattern of flowering candidate genes was verified in eight flowering promoters (, and ) and four flowering suppressors (, and ) under drought and salt stress by qRT-PCR. The results suggested that drought and salt stress activated the flowering regulation pathways to some extent. The findings of the present study lay a foundation for the functional verification of flowering genes and breeding of new varieties of early- and late-flowering .
开花是高等植物从营养生长向生殖生长转变的一个重要阶段，它影响生物量和种子产量。为了揭示开花时间的变化，并确定[研究对象]中的开花调控网络和关键基因，我们测量了66份[研究对象]材料的孕穗期、抽穗期和开花时间。孕穗期、抽穗期和开花时间分别在136至188天、142至194天和148至201天之间变化。最早开花和最晚开花材料之间的开花时间差异为53天。此外，对六个开花时间不同的材料在三个发育阶段进行了转录组分析。共预测到3526个差异表达基因（DEGs），并鉴定出72个候选基因，包括转录因子、已知的开花基因和植物激素相关基因。其中，四个候选基因（[具体基因1]、[具体基因2]、[具体基因3]和[具体基因4]）在晚开花材料中显著上调。通过加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA），[具体基因5]、[具体基因6]和[具体基因7]被确定为与开花发育时间相关的绿松石和蓝色模块中的关键基因。通过多序列比对发现的[具体基因8]的一个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）可能导致晚花。通过qRT-PCR验证了干旱和盐胁迫下八个开花促进基因（[具体基因9]、[具体基因10]、[具体基因11]、[具体基因12]、[具体基因13]、[具体基因14]、[具体基因15]和[具体基因16]）和四个开花抑制基因（[具体基因17]、[具体基因18]、[具体基因19]和[具体基因20]）的表达模式。结果表明，干旱和盐胁迫在一定程度上激活了开花调控途径。本研究结果为开花基因的功能验证和早花及晚花[研究对象]新品种的培育奠定了基础。
