Woo Juhee, Lawrence Elizabeth, Mollborn Stefanie
Appalachian State University, Department of Sociology, ASU Box 32115, 209 Chapell Wilson Hall, 480 Howard Street, Boone, NC, 28608, USA.
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Sociology, CBC-B 243, Las Vegas, USA.
SSM Popul Health. 2022 May 9;18:101119. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101119. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Research has documented important differences in smoking rates across race/ethnicity, gender, and age. Much of the research has either focused on smoking initiation among adolescents or cessation among adults, but little is known about racial/ethnic patterns in intermittent and daily smoking across young and early middle adulthood. We therefore use the life course perspective to identify how racial/ethnic and gender differences in smoking unfold across adulthood. Analyses investigate whether racial/ethnic and gender differences exist in the likelihood of daily smoking in early middle adulthood and whether these disparities persist after the inclusion of adolescent and early midlife sociodemographic characteristics and young adult smoking patterns. Descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses employ recent data from a nationally representative sample of adults using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; N = 8,506). We find evidence that life course patterns of smoking differ across race/ethnicity and gender subgroups. In early middle adulthood (ages 33-44), White women are more likely to smoke daily than Black or Hispanic women. In contrast, there are no significant differences between White and Black men, but White men are more likely to smoke daily than Hispanic men. These racial/ethnic differences are no longer significant for men when previous smoking is controlled, suggesting that early young adult smoking plays an important role in the development of smoking disparities across race/ethnicity. Further, we find that young adult intermittent smoking is associated with daily smoking in early midlife, and this relationship is stronger for Black, compared to White, men and women. Although Black women display lower odds of daily smoking in early midlife compared to White women, they exhibit a higher risk of transitioning from intermittent to daily smoking. These results highlight the importance of considering a greater diversity of life course patterns in smoking across race/ethnicity and gender in future research and policies.
研究记录了不同种族/族裔、性别和年龄之间吸烟率的重要差异。许多研究要么聚焦于青少年的吸烟起始，要么关注成年人的戒烟，但对于青年和中年早期间歇性吸烟和每日吸烟的种族/族裔模式却知之甚少。因此，我们运用生命历程视角来确定吸烟方面的种族/族裔和性别差异在成年期是如何呈现的。分析调查了中年早期每日吸烟的可能性中是否存在种族/族裔和性别差异，以及在纳入青少年和中年早期社会人口特征及青年吸烟模式后这些差异是否依然存在。描述性统计和多变量二元逻辑回归分析采用了来自全国代表性成年人样本的最新数据，该样本来自青少年到成人健康的全国纵向研究（“加健康”研究；N = 8506）。我们发现有证据表明，吸烟的生命历程模式在不同种族/族裔和性别亚组中存在差异。在中年早期（33 - 44岁），白人女性比黑人或西班牙裔女性更有可能每日吸烟。相比之下，白人和黑人男性之间没有显著差异，但白人男性比西班牙裔男性更有可能每日吸烟。当控制了既往吸烟情况后，这些种族/族裔差异对男性不再显著，这表明青年早期吸烟在不同种族/族裔吸烟差异的形成中起着重要作用。此外，我们发现青年间歇性吸烟与中年早期的每日吸烟有关，而且与白人相比，这种关系在黑人和白人男性及女性中更强。尽管与白人女性相比，黑人女性在中年早期每日吸烟的几率较低，但她们从间歇性吸烟转变为每日吸烟的风险更高。这些结果凸显了在未来研究和政策中考虑不同种族/族裔和性别吸烟生命历程模式多样性的重要性。
