Kamiya Tomonori, Ohtani Naoko
Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.
Int Immunol. 2022 Sep 6;34(9):467-474. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxac020.
More than 500 species of microbiota reside in the human intestine and coexist with humans, their host. Gut microbial metabolites and components are absorbed from the intestine and influence cells in the liver, including hepatocytes and stromal cells, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NK T cells and other immune cells. This gut-originated axis to the liver is called the "gut-liver axis", which underscores the importance of the link between the gut and the liver. In this review, we discuss the gut microbial components and metabolites that affect cells in the liver, particularly in association with immune cells, and the related responses. We also highlight the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated liver carcinogenesis and discuss cancer prevention, including the recently clarified modulation of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy by the gut microbiota.
超过500种微生物群栖息于人类肠道，并与它们的宿主——人类共存。肠道微生物代谢产物和成分从肠道被吸收，并影响肝脏中的细胞，包括肝细胞和基质细胞，如肝窦内皮细胞、肝星状细胞、库普弗细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞、NK T细胞和其他免疫细胞。这种从肠道到肝脏的轴被称为“肠-肝轴”，它强调了肠道与肝脏之间联系的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了影响肝脏细胞，特别是与免疫细胞相关的肠道微生物成分和代谢产物，以及相关反应。我们还强调了肠道微生物群介导肝癌发生的潜在机制，并讨论了癌症预防，包括最近阐明的肠道微生物群对免疫检查点抑制剂疗效的调节作用。
