Hula Andreas, Moutoussis Michael, Will Geert-Jan, Kokorikou Danae, Reiter Andrea M, Ziegler Gabriel, Bullmore E D, Jones Peter B, Goodyer Ian, Fonagy Peter, Montague P Read, Dolan Raymond J
Austrian Insitute of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Comput Psychiatr. 2021 Oct 14;5(1):102-118. doi: 10.5334/cpsy.65.
Investing in strangers in a socio-economic exchange is risky, as we may be uncertain whether they will reciprocate. Nevertheless, the potential rewards for cooperating can be great. Here, we used a cross sectional sample (n = 784) to study how the challenges of cooperation versus defection are negotiated across an important period of the lifespan: from adolescence to young adulthood (ages 14 to 25). We quantified social behaviour using a multi round investor-trustee task, phenotyping individuals using a validated model whose parameters characterise patterns of real exchange and constitute latent social characteristics. We found highly significant differences in investment behaviour according to age, sex, socio-economic status and IQ. Consistent with the literature, we showed an overall trend towards higher trust from adolescence to young adulthood but, in a novel finding, we characterized key cognitive mechanisms explaining this, especially regarding socio-economic risk aversion. Males showed lower risk-aversion, associated with greater investments. We also found that inequality aversion was higher in females and, in a novel relation, that socio-economic deprivation was associated with more risk averse play.
在社会经济交换中对陌生人进行投资是有风险的，因为我们可能不确定他们是否会回报。然而，合作的潜在回报可能很大。在此，我们使用了一个横断面样本（n = 784）来研究在生命周期的一个重要阶段——从青春期到青年期（14至25岁）——合作与背叛的挑战是如何被应对的。我们使用多轮投资者-受托人任务对社会行为进行量化，使用一个经过验证的模型对个体进行表型分析，该模型的参数表征真实交换模式并构成潜在的社会特征。我们发现，根据年龄、性别、社会经济地位和智商，投资行为存在高度显著差异。与文献一致，我们显示出从青春期到青年期信任总体呈上升趋势，但在一项新发现中，我们描述了解释这一现象的关键认知机制，特别是关于社会经济风险规避方面。男性表现出较低的风险规避，与更多投资相关。我们还发现女性的不平等规避更高，并且在一种新的关系中，社会经济剥夺与更规避风险的行为相关。
