Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK.
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
Nat Hum Behav. 2020 Aug;4(8):832-843. doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-0867-0. Epub 2020 May 11.
During adolescence and early adulthood, learning when to avoid threats and when to pursue rewards becomes crucial. Using a risky foraging task, we investigated individual differences in this dynamic across 781 individuals aged 14-24 years who were split into a hypothesis-generating discovery sample and a hold-out confirmation sample. Sex was the most important predictor of cautious behaviour and performance. Males earned one standard deviation (or 20%) more reward than females, collected more reward when there was little to lose and reduced foraging to the same level as females when potential losses became high. Other independent predictors of cautiousness and performance were self-reported daringness, IQ and self-reported cognitive complexity. We found no evidence for an impact of age or maturation. Thus, maleness, a high IQ or self-reported cognitive complexity, and self-reported daringness predicted greater success in risky foraging, possibly due to better exploitation of low-risk opportunities in high-risk environments.
在青少年和成年早期，学会何时避免威胁，何时追求奖励变得至关重要。我们使用一项风险觅食任务，在年龄在 14 到 24 岁之间的 781 个人中，对这种动态的个体差异进行了研究，这些人被分为假设生成的发现样本和保留确认的样本。性是谨慎行为和表现的最重要预测因素。男性比女性多获得一个标准差（或 20%）的奖励，在损失很少时获得更多的奖励，并且当潜在损失增加时，他们的觅食行为会降低到与女性相同的水平。谨慎性和表现的其他独立预测因素包括自我报告的胆量、智商和自我报告的认知复杂性。我们没有发现年龄或成熟度有影响的证据。因此，男性、高智商或自我报告的认知复杂性以及自我报告的胆量预测了在风险觅食中更大的成功，这可能是由于在高风险环境中更好地利用了低风险机会。
