Perlstadt H, Holmes R E
Am J Public Health. 1987 May;77(5):612-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.5.612.
Two public opinion polls, in Los Angeles and Michigan, on smoking in public places contradicted findings from other major surveys. Both were commissioned by the tobacco interests during consideration of non-smoking legislation to measure opinion and influence the outcome. Analysis reveals the two polls to be remarkably similar and in violation of basic principles of survey research. Response categories lacked objective or parallel phrasing, response lists were not rotated, and the ordering of items appeared prejudicial. Both polls were effectively countered and the legislation passed.
洛杉矶和密歇根州进行的两项关于公共场所吸烟的民意调查与其他主要调查的结果相矛盾。这两项调查都是在审议禁烟立法期间由烟草利益集团委托进行的，目的是衡量民意并影响结果。分析显示，这两项民意调查非常相似，并且违反了调查研究的基本原则。回答类别缺乏客观或平行的措辞，回答列表没有轮换，项目顺序似乎带有偏见。这两项民意调查都被有效反驳，立法得以通过。
