George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.
College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Scand J Public Health. 2022 Aug;50(6):810-818. doi: 10.1177/14034948221098925. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
Not much is known about correlations between country-level characteristics and country-level numbers of COVID-19 cases and mortalities. Using data from the World Health Organization and other international organisations, we summarised country-level COVID-19 case and mortality counts per 100,000 population, and COVID-19 case fatality rate from January 2020 to August 2021. We conducted adjusted linear regression analysis to assess relationships between these counts/rate and certain country-level characteristics. We reported adjusted regression coefficients, β and associated 95% confidence intervals. There was a positive correlation between the number of cases and country-level male/female ratio, and positive correlations between the numbers of cases and mortalities and country-level proportion of 60+-year-olds, universal health coverage index of service coverage (UHC) and tourism. Country economic status correlated negatively with the numbers of cases and mortalities. COVID-19 case fatality rate was highest in Peru, South American region (9.2%), and lowest in Singapore, Western Pacific region (0.1%). A negative correlation was observed between case fatality rate and country-level male/female ratio, population density and economic status. These observations remained mostly among mid-/low-income countries, particularly a positive correlation between the number of cases and male/female ratio and proportion of 60+-year-olds.
关于国家层面特征与新冠病例和死亡人数之间的相关性，目前知之甚少。我们使用世界卫生组织和其他国际组织的数据，总结了 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 8 月期间每 10 万人口的新冠病例和死亡人数，以及新冠死亡率。我们进行了调整后的线性回归分析，以评估这些计数/比率与某些国家层面特征之间的关系。我们报告了调整后的回归系数β和相关的 95%置信区间。病例数量与国家层面的男女比例呈正相关，病例数量与死亡人数以及国家层面 60 岁以上人口比例、服务覆盖范围的全民健康覆盖指数（UHC）和旅游业比例呈正相关。国家经济状况与病例和死亡人数呈负相关。秘鲁（南美洲地区）的新冠死亡率最高（9.2%），新加坡（西太平洋地区）的死亡率最低（0.1%）。死亡率与国家层面的男女比例、人口密度和经济状况呈负相关。这些观察结果主要在中低收入国家中存在，尤其是病例数量与男女比例和 60 岁以上人口比例之间呈正相关。
