Biomedical nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Nutr Health. 2024 Mar;30(1):167-174. doi: 10.1177/02601060221105751. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) are developed to promote public health and to prevent food-related diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
To investigate the nutrient intake and adherence to the NNR in a Swedish cohort with abdominal obesity.
Dietary intake data were collected using 3-day food diaries and anthropometry and clinical chemistry parameters were measured at baseline of a long-term intervention studying weight-loss management.
Eighty-seven subjects with abdominal obesity successfully completed a 3-day food diary. Twelve of these subjects were excluded for further analysis due to implausible low-energy reporting. The remaining 75 subjects (76% females) had mean age of 52.3 ± 10.1 years and a mean body mass index of 34.3 ± 3.1 kg/m. Mean total fat intake (41.2 ± 7.0E%) was exceeded by 56% of the sample size compared to the maximum recommended intake (RI) of 40E%, whereas mean carbohydrate intake (40.4 ± 8.0E%) was lower than the RI (45-60E%). The intake of saturated fatty acids was high compared to the NNR with only 2 women and none of men reported intakes within the RI of <10 E%. Adherence to the RI for dietary fibre was very low (16.0% and 13.3% when expressed as g/d and g/MJ, respectively). Analyses of micronutrient intake showed lowest adherences for vitamin D and sodium.
The nutrient intake in our subjects compared to NNR was rather low with a high total fat intake, particularly too high intake of saturated fatty acids, high salt consumption, and very low dietary fibre and vitamin D intake. More effort is clearly needed to promote healthy dietary habits among subjects with obesity.
北欧营养推荐（NNR）旨在促进公众健康，预防肥胖和心血管疾病等与食物相关的疾病。
调查瑞典腹型肥胖人群的营养素摄入和对 NNR 的依从性。
使用 3 天食物日记收集饮食摄入数据，并在长期干预体重管理的研究中测量基线时的人体测量学和临床化学参数。
87 例腹型肥胖患者成功完成了 3 天食物日记。其中 12 例因能量摄入过低而被排除在进一步分析之外。其余 75 例（76%为女性）的平均年龄为 52.3 ± 10.1 岁，平均 BMI 为 34.3 ± 3.1 kg/m。与最大推荐摄入量（RI）40E%相比，样本中 56%的总脂肪摄入量（41.2 ± 7.0E%）超标，而平均碳水化合物摄入量（40.4 ± 8.0E%）低于 RI（45-60E%）。与 NNR 相比，饱和脂肪酸的摄入量较高，只有 2 名女性和没有男性报告的摄入量在 RI（<10 E%）内。膳食纤维的 RI 依从性非常低（分别以 g/d 和 g/MJ 表示时为 16.0%和 13.3%）。微量营养素摄入分析显示，维生素 D 和钠的依从性最低。
与 NNR 相比，我们研究对象的营养素摄入水平相当低，总脂肪摄入量高，特别是饱和脂肪酸摄入量过高、盐摄入量高、膳食纤维和维生素 D 摄入量极低。显然需要更加努力地促进肥胖人群的健康饮食习惯。
