Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Department of Dentistry, Al-Rasheed University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2022 May 30;16(5):768-777. doi: 10.3855/jidc.14721.
Despite efforts to contain and manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak which was declared a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 pandemic still remains a major global challenge. Patients who display the classical symptoms of the infection are easily identified, tested, isolated and monitored. However, many cases of infected asymptomatic patients have been documented. These patients are not easily identified even though many evidences suggest that they can spread the virus to others. How and why these COVID-19 asymptomatic presentations occur remain unclear. The many theories and views are conjectural, and supporting evidences are still needed. In this review, we described the trend in SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and susceptibility, providing perspectives on gender differences and asymptomatic patients. We further discussed how genetics, gender, viral inoculum, and pre-existing immunity may influence asymptomatic presentations in COVID-19 infections. We hope that this article improves our understanding of asymptomatic SAR-CoV-2 infection and it sheds light on some salient areas that should be considered as the search for a potent vaccine continues.
尽管世界卫生组织（WHO）于 2020 年 1 月宣布 SARS-CoV-2 爆发为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，并已努力加以控制和管理，但 COVID-19 大流行仍然是一个重大的全球挑战。具有感染典型症状的患者很容易被识别、检测、隔离和监测。然而，已经记录了许多无症状感染者的病例。尽管有许多证据表明这些无症状患者可能会将病毒传播给他人，但他们很难被识别。为什么会出现这些 COVID-19 无症状表现仍不清楚。许多理论和观点都是推测性的，仍需要支持性证据。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 SARS-CoV-2 病毒脱落和易感性的趋势，提供了对性别差异和无症状患者的观点。我们进一步讨论了遗传、性别、病毒接种量和预先存在的免疫如何可能影响 COVID-19 感染中的无症状表现。我们希望本文能增进对无症状 SARS-CoV-2 感染的理解，并为寻找有效疫苗的持续研究提供一些值得关注的领域。
