Chu Yaoming, Cai Jianming
School of Physics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
Phys Rev Lett. 2022 May 20;128(20):200501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.200501.
The heat dissipation in quantum metrology represents not only an unavoidable problem towards practical applications of quantum sensing devices but also a fundamental relationship between thermodynamics and quantum metrology. However, a general thermodynamic principle which governs the rule of energy consumption in quantum metrology, similar to Landauer's principle for heat dissipation in computations, has remained elusive. Here, we establish such a physical principle for energy consumption in order to achieve a certain level of measurement precision in quantum metrology, and show that it is intrinsically determined by the erasure of quantum Fisher information. The principle provides a powerful tool to investigate the advantage of quantum resources, not only in measurement precision but also in energy efficiency. It also serves as a bridge between thermodynamics and various fundamental physical concepts related in quantum physics and quantum information theory.
量子计量学中的热耗散不仅是量子传感设备实际应用中不可避免的问题，也是热力学与量子计量学之间的一种基本关系。然而，类似于计算中热耗散的兰道尔原理，一个支配量子计量学中能量消耗规则的一般热力学原理仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们建立了这样一个关于能量消耗的物理原理，以便在量子计量学中达到一定水平的测量精度，并表明它本质上是由量子费希尔信息的擦除所决定的。该原理提供了一个强大的工具，不仅可以研究量子资源在测量精度方面的优势，还可以研究其在能量效率方面的优势。它还充当了热力学与量子物理和量子信息理论中相关的各种基本物理概念之间的桥梁。
