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2021 年玛多 7.4 级地震破裂过程及其对青藏高原松潘-甘孜地块变形模式的启示。

Rupture process of the 2021 M7.4 Maduo earthquake and implication for deformation mode of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane in Tibetan Plateau.

机构信息

School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Hongshan Geophysical National Observation and Research Station, Peking University, Beijing,100871, China.

出版信息

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Jun 7;119(23):e2116445119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2116445119. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

DOI:10.1073/pnas.2116445119
PMID:35658079
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9191348/
Abstract

The deformation mode of the Tibetan Plateau is of crucial importance for understanding its construction and extrusion processes, as well as for the assessment of regional earthquake potential. Block motion and viscous flow models have been proposed to describe the deformation field but are not fully supported by modern geophysical observations. The 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake, which occurred inside the Songpan-Ganzi terrane (SGT) in central-east Tibet, provides a chance to evaluate the associated deformation mode of the region. We conduct a joint inversion for this earthquake and resolve a bilateral rupture process, which is characterized by super- and subshear rupture velocities, respectively. We interpret this distinct rupture behavior to be the result of the respective slip concentration depths of the two ruptured segments. We analyze geological, seismic, and geodetic evidence and find that the SGT upper crust shows distributed shear deformation and distinct transverse anisotropy, which are associated with folded structures originating from compression of the paleo-Tethys ocean accretional prism realigned by following shear deformation. The SGT receives lateral shear loading from its NS boundary and accommodates a right-step sinistral motion across the terrane boundary faults. The unique tectonic setting of the SGT defines locations and behaviors of internal faulting and strong earthquakes such as the 2021 Maduo earthquake, with the latter occurring on slow-moving faults at intervals of several thousands of years.

摘要

青藏高原的变形模式对于理解其构造和挤压过程以及评估区域地震潜力至关重要。块体运动和粘性流模型已被提出用于描述变形场，但它们并未得到现代地球物理观测的完全支持。2021 年 Mw7.4 玛多地震发生在藏东的松潘-甘孜地块（SGT）内部，为评估该地区相关的变形模式提供了机会。我们对此次地震进行了联合反演，解析出一个双侧破裂过程，其特征分别为超剪切和亚剪切破裂速度。我们将这种明显的破裂行为解释为两个破裂段各自的滑动集中深度的结果。我们分析了地质、地震和大地测量证据，发现 SGT 上地壳表现出分布式剪切变形和明显的横向各向异性，这与古特提斯洋俯冲增生楔体的褶皱构造有关，该构造由沿剪切变形重新排列的构造所引起。SGT 从其 NS 边界受到横向剪切载荷，并在地块边界断层上发生右旋走滑运动。SGT 的独特构造环境决定了内部断层和强震的位置和行为，如 2021 年玛多地震，后者发生在几千年来缓慢移动的断层上。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/6237577341c5/pnas.2116445119fig05.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/511a634ef750/pnas.2116445119fig01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/d07ef009d82f/pnas.2116445119fig02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/056fdff922f1/pnas.2116445119fig03.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/7c30d5e99be1/pnas.2116445119fig04.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/6237577341c5/pnas.2116445119fig05.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/511a634ef750/pnas.2116445119fig01.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/d07ef009d82f/pnas.2116445119fig02.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/056fdff922f1/pnas.2116445119fig03.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/7c30d5e99be1/pnas.2116445119fig04.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5a45/9191348/6237577341c5/pnas.2116445119fig05.jpg

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