Vesely R, Hoffman W E, Gil K S, Albrecht R F, Miletich D J
Anesthesiology. 1987 Apr;66(4):519-23. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198704000-00012.
The effects of histamine and curare on cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured in rats with an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in rats in which the BBB was disrupted by hypertonic urea. Using radioactive microspheres cortical and subcortical CBF were measured in paralyzed ventilated rats anesthetized with 70% N2O, 30% oxygen. Blood gas tensions were controlled by mechanical ventilation. In rats with an intact BBB, neither histamine infusion (10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) nor curare (1 and 5 mg/kg) increased CBF. Twenty minutes after the BBB was disrupted by 2 M urea, histamine (10 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) produced an increase in cortical (180-210 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1) and subcortical CBF (103 to 124 ml X 10 g-1 X min-1). Twenty minutes after BBB disruption, curare also produced a significant increase in cortical CBF (1 mg/kg: 176-201 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1, 5 mg/kg: 190-209 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1). The increases in CBF produced by curare were completely blocked by pretreatment with 30 mg/kg cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, 3 min before curare. The results indicate that curare may produce cerebrovasodilation and increases in CBF by release of histamine and stimulation of central nervous system H2 receptors. These effects occur only when the BBB is disrupted and circulating histamine has access to brain perivascular tissue.
在血脑屏障（BBB）完整的大鼠以及血脑屏障因高渗尿素而被破坏的大鼠中，测量了组胺和箭毒对脑血流量（CBF）的影响。使用放射性微球，在以70% N₂O、30%氧气麻醉的麻痹通气大鼠中测量皮质和皮质下的脑血流量。通过机械通气控制血气张力。在血脑屏障完整的大鼠中，输注组胺（10微克·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）和箭毒（1和5毫克/千克）均未增加脑血流量。在用2 M尿素破坏血脑屏障20分钟后，组胺（10微克·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）使皮质脑血流量（180 - 210毫升·100克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）和皮质下脑血流量（103至124毫升·10克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）增加。血脑屏障破坏20分钟后，箭毒也使皮质脑血流量显著增加（1毫克/千克：176 - 201毫升·100克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹，5毫克/千克：190 - 209毫升·100克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）。在给予箭毒前3分钟用30毫克/千克西咪替丁（一种组胺H₂受体拮抗剂）预处理，可完全阻断箭毒引起的脑血流量增加。结果表明，箭毒可能通过释放组胺和刺激中枢神经系统H₂受体而产生脑血管舒张和脑血流量增加。这些作用仅在血脑屏障被破坏且循环中的组胺能够进入脑周血管组织时才会出现。
