University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2023 Aug;49(8):1231-1247. doi: 10.1177/01461672221097180. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Although the vast majority of people with mental illness (PWMI) are not violent, Americans tend to think they are more dangerous than the general population. Because negative media portrayals may contribute to stigma, we used time-series analyses to examine changes in the public's perceived dangerousness of PWMI around six mass shootings whose perpetrators were reported to have a mental illness. From 2011 to 2019, 38,094 U.S. participants completed an online study assessing implicit and explicit perceived dangerousness of PWMI. There were large, upward spikes in perceived dangerousness the week of the Sandy Hook mass shooting that were relatively short-lived. However, there was not a consistent pattern of effects for other events analyzed, and any other spikes observed were smaller. Effects tended to be larger for explicit versus implicit perceived dangerousness. Sandy Hook seemed to temporarily worsen perceived dangerousness of PWMI, but this pattern was not observed for other mass shootings.
尽管绝大多数精神疾病患者（PWMI）并不具有暴力倾向，但美国人往往认为他们比普通人群更危险。由于负面媒体的描述可能会导致污名化，因此我们使用时间序列分析来研究在六起被报道有精神疾病的大规模枪击事件周围，公众对 PWMI 的感知危险程度的变化。从 2011 年到 2019 年，38094 名美国参与者完成了一项在线研究，评估了 PWMI 的内隐和外显感知危险程度。在桑迪胡克大规模枪击事件发生的那一周，感知危险程度出现了大幅上升，但这种上升是相对短暂的。然而，对于分析的其他事件，并没有一致的影响模式，而且观察到的任何其他峰值都较小。对于外显和内隐的感知危险程度，影响往往更大。桑迪胡克似乎暂时加剧了对 PWMI 的感知危险程度，但这种模式并没有在其他大规模枪击事件中观察到。
