Department of Management, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2023 Dec;126(6):3150-3166. doi: 10.1177/00332941221105217. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
A meta-analysis reported in this article compared the effects of ontological and utilitarian measures of individualism and collectivism on the findings of published research. Ontological differences in individualism and collectivism concern the degree to which either individuals or collectivities are interpreted as the primary entities comprising social reality. Reflecting these differences are measures that include subjects such as the degree of permanence and sense of collective obligation associated with interpersonal, group, or community relationships. Utilitarian distinctions in individualism and collectivism involve beliefs that either individuals or collectivities are instrumental in the pursuit of valued outcomes. Related measures include items concerning the attractiveness or consequences of working alone versus working in a group. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that ontological and utilitarian measures have produced differing findings in several notable instances, with utilitarian measures producing larger effects.
本文中的一项元分析比较了个体主义和集体主义的本体论和功利主义衡量标准对已发表研究结果的影响。个体主义和集体主义的本体论差异涉及到将个体或集体视为构成社会现实的主要实体的程度。反映这些差异的衡量标准包括与人际、群体或社区关系相关的个体持久性和集体义务感等方面。个体主义和集体主义的功利主义区别涉及到个人或集体在追求有价值的结果方面是否具有工具性的信念。相关的衡量标准包括关于独自工作与团队合作的吸引力或后果的项目。元分析的结果表明，在几个值得注意的情况下，本体论和功利主义的衡量标准产生了不同的结果，功利主义的衡量标准产生了更大的影响。
