Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nilo Peçanha 620, Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-300, Brazil.
Nutrition Department, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 4;22(1):1125. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13447-8.
Several published studies have reported an association between participation in a food assistance program and greater prevalence of overweight/obesity. Our aim was to compare nutritional status and nutrient consumption between workers from manufacturing companies participant and non-participant in the Brazilian Workers' Food Program (WFP).
Cross-sectional survey, based on a probability sample of manufacturing workers in Brazil obtained by stratified two-stage sampling, comparative between WFP and non-WFP participating companies. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and nutrient consumption (24-hour recall) were collected by trained nutritionists. Statistical analysis was done separately in each sex with mixed effects multilevel linear regression model including sampling weights and covariate adjustment.
Thirty-three companies were randomly selected from all companies in three different economic activity sectors (food and beverages, non-metallic minerals, and textiles) in North-eastern Brazil, with stratification by company size, and a random sample of 929 workers (484 from non-WFP and 445 from WFP companies) was obtained from those companies. In males, the WFP group had higher BMI (+ 1.08 kg/m, p < 0.001), greater WC (+ 3.27 cm, p < 0.001) and greater prevalence of obesity (OR 1.67, p < 0.001). In females, no statistical significant differences were observed in anthropometric parameters, but the WFP group had lower prevalence of obesity (OR 0.49, p = 0.05). Among workers in companies that provide lunch, males from WFP companies have greater consumption of carbohydrates (+ 39.5 kcal, p = 0.02) and protein (+ 11.1 kcal, p = 0.08), while females have lower protein consumption (- 14.2 kcal, p = 0.04) and also lower total daily consumption of carbohydrates (- 59.3 Kcal, p = 0.05) and total lipids (- 14.2 Kcal, p = 0.04).
Participation in the WFP is associated with increased BMI and WC among male workers; however, this association was not found in females. Compared to the non-WFP group, in the WFP group, males have greater consumption of carbohydrates and protein at lunch, while women have lower protein intake. These results indicate the need that proposals for public policies aimed to the improvement of the nutritional status of populations take into consideration the different effects of food assistance programs in males and females.
一些已发表的研究报告表明，参与食品援助计划与超重/肥胖的发生率增加之间存在关联。我们的目的是比较参与巴西工人食品计划（WFP）和未参与该计划的制造公司工人的营养状况和营养素摄入情况。
这是一项基于巴西制造业工人的概率抽样的横断面调查，采用分层两阶段抽样，对 WFP 参与公司和非参与公司进行比较。由经过培训的营养师收集体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）和营养素摄入量（24 小时回顾法）。在每个性别中，均采用混合效应多级线性回归模型进行统计分析，包括抽样权重和协变量调整。
从巴西东北部三个不同经济活动部门（食品和饮料、非金属矿物和纺织品）的所有公司中随机选择了 33 家公司，按公司规模进行分层，从这些公司中随机抽取了 929 名工人（非 WFP 组 484 名，WFP 组 445 名）。在男性中，WFP 组的 BMI 更高（+1.08kg/m，p<0.001），WC 更大（+3.27cm，p<0.001），肥胖患病率更高（OR 1.67，p<0.001）。在女性中，在人体测量参数方面未观察到统计学上的显著差异，但 WFP 组的肥胖患病率较低（OR 0.49，p=0.05）。在提供午餐的公司中，WFP 公司的男性碳水化合物摄入量更高（+39.5kcal，p=0.02），蛋白质摄入量更高（+11.1kcal，p=0.08），而女性蛋白质摄入量更低（-14.2kcal，p=0.04），总碳水化合物日摄入量更低（-59.3Kcal，p=0.05），总脂类摄入量更低（-14.2Kcal，p=0.04）。
参与 WFP 与男性工人 BMI 和 WC 的增加有关；然而，在女性中未发现这种关联。与非 WFP 组相比，在 WFP 组中，男性在午餐时摄入更多的碳水化合物和蛋白质，而女性的蛋白质摄入量较低。这些结果表明，旨在改善人口营养状况的公共政策提案需要考虑食品援助计划对男性和女性的不同影响。
