Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Jun 4;22(1):1115. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13522-0.
Health information avoidance is common in real life, but because it is not always conducive to health promotion and maintenance, people often actively switch to health information acquisition. Understanding this process of active change can facilitate intervention in unreasonable avoidance behaviors. However, studies so far have mostly focused on why and how avoidance takes place, little is known about the process of active change from avoidance to acquisition. We thus use a grounded theory approach (GT) to explore how the active change takes place, and to generate a grounded theoretical framework capable of illustrating stages and influencing factors involved in the active change process.
Straussian grounded theory (Corbin & Strauss, 2015) was used to analyze data collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 adults (14 in good health, 11 with disease, 5 in other health status) who had experienced health information behavior change from avoidance to acquisition. These interviews focused on how the change occurred and what effected the change.
The core category of Health Information Avoidance Change and 12 categories were identified and integrated to form a theoretical framework termed the Health Information Avoidance Change Model (HIACM). This model describes the process using five non-linear stage variables (initiation, preparation, action, maintenance, and abandonment) and seven moderating factor variables (cognitive change, social stimulus, beliefs and attitudes, intrapsychic literacy, social resources, information source, time and material resources).
HIACM can be used to explain the process of active change from health information avoidance to health information acquisition. HIAC is a non-linear and holistic process, and it is necessary to dynamically analyze the impact of relevant factors and take targeted intervention measures in stages. HIAC is usually not only an individual behavior, but also a socialized behavior requiring the collaboration of individuals, families, health information providers, healthcare providers, and governments.
健康信息回避在现实生活中很常见，但由于它并不总是有利于促进和维护健康，人们通常会主动转而获取健康信息。了解这种从回避到获取的主动转变过程，可以促进对不合理回避行为的干预。然而，迄今为止的研究大多集中在回避行为发生的原因和方式上，对于从回避到获取的主动转变过程知之甚少。因此，我们采用扎根理论方法（GT）来探讨主动转变是如何发生的，并生成一个能够说明主动转变过程中涉及的阶段和影响因素的扎根理论框架。
采用施特劳斯的扎根理论（Corbin & Strauss, 2015）对 30 名成年人（14 名健康状况良好，11 名患有疾病，5 名其他健康状况）的半结构化访谈数据进行分析，这些成年人经历了从回避到获取健康信息行为的转变。这些访谈重点关注转变是如何发生的以及是什么影响了转变。
确定了核心类别“健康信息回避转变”和 12 个类别，并将其整合为一个理论框架，称为“健康信息回避转变模型（HIACM）”。该模型使用五个非线性阶段变量（启动、准备、行动、维持和放弃）和七个调节因素变量（认知转变、社会刺激、信念和态度、内省力、社会资源、信息源、时间和物质资源）来描述转变过程。
HIACM 可用于解释从健康信息回避到健康信息获取的主动转变过程。HIAC 是一个非线性和整体的过程，有必要动态分析相关因素的影响，并分阶段采取有针对性的干预措施。HIAC 通常不仅是一种个体行为，也是一种需要个人、家庭、健康信息提供者、医疗保健提供者和政府共同协作的社会化行为。
