Gu Xinliang, Zhang Yu, Qin Xinyue, Ma Shuo, Huang Yuejiao, Ju Shaoqing
Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road, No. 20, Nantong, China.
Exp Hematol Oncol. 2022 Jun 3;11(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s40164-022-00290-1.
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) promote protein translation by binding to the corresponding amino acids and transporting them to the ribosome, which is essential in protein translation. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are derived fragments of tRNAs that are cleaved explicitly under certain conditions. An increasing amount of research has demonstrated that tsRNAs have biological functions rather than just being degradation products. tsRNAs can exert functions such as regulating gene expression to influence cancer progression. Their dysregulation is closely associated with various cancers and can serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer. This review summarizes the generation, classification, and biological functions of tsRNAs, and highlights the roles of tsRNAs in different cancers and their applications as tumor markers.
转运RNA（tRNA）通过与相应氨基酸结合并将其转运至核糖体来促进蛋白质翻译，这在蛋白质翻译过程中至关重要。tRNA衍生的小RNA（tsRNA）是tRNA在特定条件下明确切割产生的片段。越来越多的研究表明，tsRNA具有生物学功能，而不仅仅是降解产物。tsRNA可以发挥调节基因表达等功能来影响癌症进展。它们的失调与多种癌症密切相关，可作为癌症的诊断和预后生物标志物。本文综述了tsRNA的产生、分类和生物学功能，并重点介绍了tsRNA在不同癌症中的作用及其作为肿瘤标志物的应用。
