Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP 7504 Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/ErynnBergner.
Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208064 New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2022 Jun;49(2):447-460. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.02.010. Epub 2022 Apr 21.
Human milk (HM) with appropriate fortification is the recommended nutrition for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Fortification provides additional nutrients, vitamins, and minerals to support the growing preterm infant during critical periods of development. This article discusses the variability of HM including differences between maternal and pasteurized donor human milk (DHM), fortification of HM through the use of single- and multi-nutrient fortifiers, and clinical controversies including the timing of fortification, volume of feedings, and future innovations in HM fortification.
人乳（HM）经适当强化后是极低出生体重（VLBW）婴儿的推荐营养来源。强化提供了额外的营养物质、维生素和矿物质，以支持早产儿在关键发育时期的生长。本文讨论了人乳的可变性，包括母乳和巴氏消毒供体人乳（DHM）之间的差异、通过使用单一和多种营养素强化剂对人乳进行强化，以及强化的时机、喂养量和人乳强化的未来创新等临床争议。
