Menard Julie, Goggs Robert, Mitchell Patrick, Yang Yufan, Robbins Sarah, Franklin-Guild Rebecca J, Thachil Anil J, Altier Craig, Anderson Renee, Putzel Gregory G, McQueary Holly, Goodman Laura B
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Anim Microbiome. 2022 Jun 4;4(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s42523-022-00178-9.
Multidrug resistance in companion animals poses significant risks to animal and human health. Prolonged antimicrobial drug (AMD) treatment in animals is a potential source of selection pressure for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including in the gastrointestinal microbiota. We performed a prospective study of dogs treated for septic peritonitis, pyometra, or bacterial pneumonia and collected repeated fecal samples over 60 days. Bacterial cultures and direct molecular analyses of fecal samples were performed including targeted resistance gene profiling.
Resistant Escherichia coli increased after 1 week of treatment (D1:21.4% vs. D7:67.9% P < 0.001) and returned to baseline proportions by D60 (D7:67.9% vs D60:42.9%, P = 0.04). Dogs with septic peritonitis were hospitalized significantly longer than those with pneumonia or pyometra. Based on genetic analysis, Simpson's diversity index significantly decreased after 1 week of treatment (D1 to D7, P = 0.008), followed by a gradual increase to day 60 (D1 and D60, P = 0.4). Detection of CTX-M was associated with phenotypic resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli (OR 12.1, 3.3-68.0, P < 0.001). Lincosamide and macrolide-resistance genes were more frequently recovered on days 14 and 28 compared to day 1 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004 respectively).
AMR was associated with prescribed drugs but also developed against AMDs not administered during the study. Companion animals may be reservoirs of zoonotic multidrug resistant pathogens, suggesting that veterinary AMD stewardship and surveillance efforts should be prioritized.
伴侣动物中的多重耐药性对动物和人类健康构成重大风险。动物长期使用抗菌药物（AMD）治疗是包括胃肠道微生物群在内的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）选择压力的潜在来源。我们对因败血症性腹膜炎、子宫蓄脓或细菌性肺炎接受治疗的犬进行了一项前瞻性研究，并在60天内收集了多次粪便样本。对粪便样本进行了细菌培养和直接分子分析，包括靶向耐药基因分析。
治疗1周后，耐药大肠杆菌增加（第1天：21.4%对第7天：67.9%，P<0.001），到第60天恢复到基线比例（第7天：67.9%对第60天：42.9%，P=0.04）。患有败血症性腹膜炎的犬住院时间明显长于患有肺炎或子宫蓄脓的犬。基于基因分析，治疗1周后辛普森多样性指数显著下降（第1天至第7天，P=0.008），随后逐渐增加至第60天（第1天和第60天，P=0.4）。CTX-M的检测与大肠杆菌对第三代头孢菌素的表型耐药性相关（优势比12.1，3.3-68.0，P<0.001）。与第1天相比，在第14天和第28天更频繁地检测到林可酰胺和大环内酯类耐药基因（分别为P=0.002和P=0.004）。
AMR与处方药物有关，但也针对研究期间未使用的AMD产生。伴侣动物可能是人畜共患多重耐药病原体的储存宿主，这表明应优先开展兽医AMD管理和监测工作。
