Escalas Arthur, Auguet Jean-Christophe, Avouac Amandine, Belmaker Jonathan, Dailianis Thanos, Kiflawi Moshe, Pickholtz Renanel, Skouradakis Grigorios, Villéger Sébastien
MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France.
The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.
Anim Microbiome. 2022 Jun 4;4(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s42523-022-00181-0.
Biological invasion is one of the main components of global changes in aquatic ecosystems. Unraveling how establishment in novel environments affects key biological features of animals is a key step towards understanding invasion. Gut microbiome of herbivorous animals is important for host health but has been scarcely assessed in invasive species. Here, we characterized the gut microbiome of two invasive marine herbivorous fishes (Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus) in their native (Red Sea) and invaded (Mediterranean Sea) ranges. The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the microbiome increased as the fishes move away from the native range and its structure became increasingly different from the native microbiome. These shifts resulted in homogenization of the microbiome in the invaded range, within and between the two species. The shift in microbial diversity was associated with changes in its functions related with the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids. Altogether, our results suggest that the environmental conditions encountered by Siganidae during their expansion in Mediterranean ecosystems strongly modifies the composition of their gut microbiome along with its putative functions. Further studies should pursue to identify the precise determinants of these modifications (e.g. changes in host diet or behavior, genetic differentiation) and whether they participate in the ecological success of these species.
生物入侵是水生生态系统全球变化的主要组成部分之一。弄清新环境中的定殖如何影响动物的关键生物学特征是理解入侵的关键一步。食草动物的肠道微生物群对宿主健康很重要，但在入侵物种中很少得到评估。在此，我们对两种入侵性海洋食草鱼类（细纹篮子鱼和黑篮子鱼）在其原生范围（红海）和入侵范围（地中海）的肠道微生物群进行了表征。随着鱼类远离原生范围，微生物群的分类和系统发育多样性增加，其结构与原生微生物群的差异越来越大。这些变化导致了入侵范围内两种鱼类内部和之间微生物群的同质化。微生物多样性的变化与短链脂肪酸代谢相关功能的改变有关。总体而言，我们的结果表明，篮子鱼在地中海生态系统扩张过程中遇到的环境条件强烈改变了其肠道微生物群的组成及其假定功能。进一步的研究应致力于确定这些变化的精确决定因素（例如宿主饮食或行为的变化、遗传分化）以及它们是否参与了这些物种的生态成功。
