Key Laboratory for Mode Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China.
Inner Mongolia of Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, China.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 Jun 7;20(1):245. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04073-0.
The utilization of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, YE) in dairy cows is gaining traction in dairy production as a potential strategy to improve feed efficiency and milk yield. However, the effects of YE on dairy cow performance remain inconsistent across studies, leaving the underlying mechanisms unclear. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of YE supplementation on lactation performance, ruminal microbiota composition and fermentation patterns, as well as serum antioxidant capacity and immune functions in dairy cows.
Supplementation with YE (20 g/d/head) resulted in enhancements in dairy cow's dry matter intake (DMI) (P = 0.016), as well as increased yields of milk (P = 0.002) and its components, including solids (P = 0.003), fat (P = 0.014), protein (P = 0.002), and lactose (P = 0.001) yields. The addition of YE led to significant increases in the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) (P = 0.023), acetate (P = 0.005), propionate (P = 0.025), valerate (P = 0.003), and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (P < 0.001) in rumen fermentation parameters. The analysis of 16s rRNA gene sequencing data revealed that the administration of YE resulted in a rise in the relative abundances of three primary genera including Ruminococcus_2 (P = 0.010), Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (P = 0.009), and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (P = 0.054) at the genus level. Furthermore, this increase was accompanied with an enriched pathway related to amino acid metabolism. Additionally, enhanced serum antioxidative (P < 0.05) and immune functionalities (P < 0.05) were also observed in the YE group.
In addition to improving milk performance, YE supplementation also induced changes in ruminal bacterial community composition and fermentation, while enhancing serum antioxidative and immunological responses during the mid-lactation stage. These findings suggest that YE may exert beneficial effects on both rumen and blood metabolism in mid-lactation dairy cows.
在奶牛生产中，使用活酵母（酿酒酵母，YE）作为提高饲料效率和产奶量的潜在策略，越来越受到关注。然而，YE 对奶牛生产性能的影响在不同的研究中并不一致，其潜在机制尚不清楚。因此，本研究的主要目的是研究 YE 对泌乳奶牛泌乳性能、瘤胃微生物组成和发酵模式以及血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。
YE（20g/d/头）的添加提高了奶牛的干物质采食量（DMI）（P=0.016），并增加了牛奶（P=0.002）及其成分（包括固体物（P=0.003）、脂肪（P=0.014）、蛋白质（P=0.002）和乳糖（P=0.001）的产量。YE 的添加导致瘤胃发酵参数中氨氮（NH-N）（P=0.023）、乙酸（P=0.005）、丙酸（P=0.025）、戊酸（P=0.003）和总挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）（P<0.001）的浓度显著增加。16s rRNA 基因测序数据分析表明，YE 的添加导致三个主要属的相对丰度增加，包括 Ruminococcus_2（P=0.010）、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group（P=0.009）和 Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group（P=0.054）。此外，这一增加伴随着与氨基酸代谢相关的途径的富集。此外，YE 组的血清抗氧化（P<0.05）和免疫功能（P<0.05）也得到增强。
YE 不仅可以提高产奶性能，还可以改变泌乳中期奶牛瘤胃细菌群落组成和发酵，同时增强血清抗氧化和免疫反应。这些发现表明，YE 可能对泌乳中期奶牛的瘤胃和血液代谢都有有益的影响。
