Evans Kory M, Buser Thaddaeus J, Larouche Olivier, Kolmann Matthew A
Rice University, Biosciences Department, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Rice University, Biosciences Department, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Aug;145:22-27. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.026. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
Patterns of integration and modularity among organismal traits are prevalent across the tree of life, and at multiple scales of biological organization. Over the past several decades, researchers have studied these patterns at the developmental, and evolutionary levels. While their work has identified the potential drivers of these patterns at different scales, there appears to be a lack of consensus on the relationship between developmental and evolutionary integration. Here, we review and summarize key studies and build a framework to describe the conceptual relationship between these patterns across organismal scales and illustrate how, and why some of these studies may have yielded seemingly conflicting outcomes. We find that among studies that analyze patterns of integration and modularity using morphological data, the lack of consensus may stem in part from the difficulty of fully disentangling the developmental and functional causes of integration. Nonetheless, in some empirical systems, patterns of evolutionary modularity have been found to coincide with expectations based on developmental processes, suggesting that in some circumstances, developmental modularity may translate to evolutionary modularity. We also advance an extension to Hallgrímsson et al.'s palimpsest model to describe how patterns of trait modularity may shift across different evolutionary scales. Finally, we also propose some directions for future research which will hopefully be useful for investigators interested in these issues.
生物体性状之间的整合与模块化模式在整个生命之树以及生物组织的多个尺度上普遍存在。在过去几十年中，研究人员在发育和进化层面研究了这些模式。虽然他们的工作已经确定了不同尺度上这些模式的潜在驱动因素，但在发育整合与进化整合之间的关系上似乎缺乏共识。在这里，我们回顾并总结了关键研究，并构建了一个框架来描述这些模式在生物体尺度上的概念关系，并说明其中一些研究为何以及如何产生了看似相互矛盾的结果。我们发现，在使用形态学数据分析整合与模块化模式的研究中，缺乏共识可能部分源于难以完全厘清整合的发育原因和功能原因。尽管如此，在一些实证系统中，已发现进化模块化模式与基于发育过程的预期相吻合，这表明在某些情况下，发育模块化可能转化为进化模块化。我们还对哈尔格林松等人的重写本模型进行了扩展，以描述性状模块化模式如何在不同进化尺度上发生变化。最后，我们还提出了一些未来研究的方向，希望对关注这些问题的研究人员有所帮助。
