International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Lab of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
Biol Sex Differ. 2022 Jun 4;13(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13293-022-00434-2.
Sex-based differences in appetite ratings have been observed previously. Ghrelin is the only known orexigenic peptide hormone. Sex differences in postprandial ghrelin responses may underlie different perceptions of hunger and satiety, but results are conflicting. We conducted a parallel study to evaluate sex differences in postprandial appetite ratings and ghrelin concentration after administration of a physiological meal among students of University of Milan.
Twenty-four healthy, normal weight volunteers (12 men and 12 women) aged 18-35 years were recruited. A balanced mixed meal meeting 40% of the estimated daily energy expenditure and providing 60% of calories from carbohydrates, 25% from lipids and 15% from protein was administrated. Sex differences in appetite ratings (satiety, hunger, fullness and desire to eat) and magnitude of ghrelin suppression during postprandial period (up to 180 min) were determined.
In the fasting state, men and women did not differ in appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations. After feeding, women tended to reach peak of satiety earlier than men, who in turn reached the nadir of hunger later than women (median: 30 min, interquartile range (IQR): 1; 120 vs. 1 min, IQR 1; 1, p = 0.007). Ghrelin suppression was greater in women (median decremental AUC - 95, IQR - 122; - 66) than in men (median decremental AUC - 47, IQR - 87; - 31, p = 0.041).
These findings suggest sex differences in the postprandial appetite regulation that might be important for nutritional strategy to prevent and treat obesity and eating disorders.
先前已经观察到基于性别的食欲评分差异。Ghrelin 是唯一已知的食欲肽激素。餐后 Ghrelin 反应的性别差异可能是饥饿感和饱腹感不同的基础，但结果存在冲突。我们进行了一项平行研究，以评估米兰大学学生在摄入生理餐后餐后食欲评分和 Ghrelin 浓度的性别差异。
招募了 24 名年龄在 18-35 岁的健康、正常体重志愿者（12 名男性和 12 名女性）。给予一种平衡的混合餐，满足估计的每日能量消耗的 40%，提供 60%的卡路里来自碳水化合物，25%来自脂肪，15%来自蛋白质。确定了餐后食欲评分（饱腹感、饥饿感、饱腹感和进食欲望）和 Ghrelin 抑制程度的性别差异（最多 180 分钟）。
在空腹状态下，男性和女性在食欲评分和 Ghrelin 浓度方面没有差异。进食后，女性比男性更早达到饱腹感峰值，而男性则比女性更晚达到饥饿低谷（中位数：30 分钟，四分位距（IQR）：1；120 比 1 分钟，IQR 1；1，p=0.007）。女性的 Ghrelin 抑制作用更强（中位数 AUC 减少 -95，IQR -122；-66）比男性（中位数 AUC 减少 -47，IQR -87；-31，p=0.041）。
这些发现表明，餐后食欲调节存在性别差异，这对于预防和治疗肥胖症和饮食失调的营养策略可能很重要。
