Buijs Agro-Services, Schuurhoven 19, Bennekom 6721SM, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 3):156378. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156378. Epub 2022 May 31.
In spite of meadow bird protection programs, a severe decline of meadow birds is taking place in the Netherlands. It is hypothesized that pesticides and other agrochemicals may contribute to this decline through a negative impact on the entomofauna; a very important food source of meadow birds and especially of their chicks. The present study analysed the presence of 664 pesticides (including biocides and some metabolites) in soil, concentrated feed, manure and some fodder samples from 23 cattle farms in the province of Gelderland (the Netherlands). Furthermore, the presence of 21 anti-parasitic medicines in manure from storage facilities was analysed. For farms practicing field grazing, the number of dung beetles in field samples of fresh manure was determined and a potential relationship with the presence of pesticide residues was explored. Of the 23 farms included in present study, 22 participated in meadow bird protection schemes. A total of 129 different pesticides (including biocides and metabolites) was detected, of which 115 at the 15 conventional farms and 69 at the 8 certified organic farms. The average total amount of pesticide residues detected tended to be lower at organic cattle farms than at conventional farms; for organic concentrated feed this difference was significant at a factor of 3.7. A significant negative correlation was found between the estimated daily intake of insecticides by cattle through the consumption of concentrated feed and hay, and the numbers of dung beetles detected in fresh manure samples in the field. We discuss the most important insecticides detected in concentrated feed and hay, and conclude that their quantities in manure and feed, if compared with LR50 values, give a reason for concern. More research is needed to establish the role of agrochemicals in the decline of meadow birds.
尽管有草地鸟类保护计划，但荷兰的草地鸟类仍在大量减少。据推测，农药和其他农用化学品可能会通过对昆虫区系产生负面影响，从而导致这种减少，而昆虫区系是草地鸟类、尤其是其幼鸟非常重要的食物来源。本研究分析了来自荷兰格尔德兰省 23 个奶牛场的土壤、浓缩饲料、粪便和一些饲料样本中 664 种农药（包括杀生物剂和一些代谢物）的存在情况。此外，还分析了储存设施中粪便中 21 种驱虫药物的存在情况。对于实行野外放牧的农场，确定了野外新鲜粪便样本中蜣螂的数量，并探讨了与农药残留存在的潜在关系。在本研究中包括的 23 个农场中，有 22 个参与了草地鸟类保护计划。共检测到 129 种不同的农药（包括杀生物剂和代谢物），其中 115 种在 15 个常规农场，69 种在 8 个有机认证农场。在有机奶牛场，检测到的农药残留总量平均比常规农场低；对于有机浓缩饲料，这一差异在 3.7 倍的因子上具有显著性。通过食用浓缩饲料和干草，奶牛摄入杀虫剂的估计日摄入量与野外新鲜粪便样本中蜣螂的数量之间存在显著的负相关关系。我们讨论了在浓缩饲料和干草中检测到的最重要的杀虫剂，并得出结论，如果将其在粪便和饲料中的数量与 LR50 值进行比较，则值得关注。需要进一步研究以确定农用化学品在草地鸟类减少中的作用。
