[学校中注重健康的营养教育的重要性：对德国部分框架课程的分析结果]

[The importance of health-conscious nutrition education in schools : Results of an analysis of selected German framework curricula].

作者信息

Prade Louisa, Richter Matthias, Stangl Gabriele I, Hoßfeld Uwe, Fink Astrid, Knöchelmann Anja

机构信息

Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.

Lehrstuhl für Social Determinants of Health, Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland.

出版信息

Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2022 Jul;65(7-8):814-822. doi: 10.1007/s00103-022-03544-9. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

DOI:10.1007/s00103-022-03544-9

PMID:35661902

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9232423/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Obesity, including among children and adolescents, is a major problem both nationally and internationally and is strongly linked to nutrition. Eating habits are formed at an early age and can influence the development of disease. Schools as places of learning and living can promote balanced and sustainable eating habits. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze selected curricula on nutrition education in order to identify deficits and suggestions for improvement in school nutrition education.

METHODS

The most recent version of the scientific and home economics framework curricula of secondary schools as of 2019 were examined by means of qualitative curriculum analysis. The focus was on nutrition topics as well as their possibilities for in-depth study, practical implementation, and timeframe.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

According to this analysis, nutrition and human biology are taught mainly up to grade 8 in all curricula, while more complex topics tend to be taught from grade 9 onward. Concrete learning content relevant to everyday life on practical nutrition, food quality, and the role of nutrition in disease prevention can significantly improve students' nutritional literacy but currently receive too little attention in the curricula. Home economics subjects address consumer issues, among other topics, but are offered in only three out of six states. Electives and honors courses can supplement nutrition education, but are not part of the curriculum at all schools. The amount of time and the practical implementation of nutrition education are strongly dependent on internal school factors. In some cases, there are considerable deficits in nutrition education.

CONCLUSION

It is considered useful to intensify nutrition education in higher grades, to introduce home economics subjects in all types of schools, and to standardize the curriculum content among the individual states.

摘要

背景

肥胖，包括儿童和青少年肥胖，在国内和国际上都是一个重大问题，并且与营养密切相关。饮食习惯在幼年时期形成，会影响疾病的发展。学校作为学习和生活场所，可以促进均衡和可持续的饮食习惯。因此，本研究的目的是分析选定的营养教育课程，以找出学校营养教育中的不足并提出改进建议。

方法

通过定性课程分析，研究了截至2019年中学科学和家政框架课程的最新版本。重点是营养主题及其深入学习、实际实施的可能性和时间安排。

结果与讨论

根据该分析，所有课程中营养和人类生物学主要在8年级之前讲授，而更复杂的主题往往从9年级开始讲授。与日常生活相关的关于实际营养、食品质量以及营养在疾病预防中的作用的具体学习内容可以显著提高学生的营养素养，但目前在课程中受到的关注太少。家政课程涉及消费者问题等主题，但六个州中只有三个州开设。选修课程和荣誉课程可以补充营养教育，但并非所有学校的课程都有。营养教育的时间量和实际实施在很大程度上取决于学校内部因素。在某些情况下，营养教育存在相当大的不足。