Faculty of Educational Science, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Literacy Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Public Health Center Fulda, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
Front Public Health. 2021 Jul 5;9:687389. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.687389. eCollection 2021.
It is generally agreed upon that the development of health literacy should be addressed from an early age onwards in order to empower children to develop their full health potential. Schools can be seen as an ideal venue for strengthening health literacy because they reach almost all school-aged children throughout their school years. The development of health literacy at a young age is a catalyst for healthy development throughout across the life span. Evidence shows that health and education are intertwined with favorable effects for health (e.g., health behavior, knowledge) and education outcomes (e.g., academic achievement). However, health literacy is often not sufficiently integrated into the school curriculum despite its importance to health and education. Integrating health literacy into schools is challenging, as both schools and teachers already face numerous educational requirements that may prevent them from addressing health in the classroom because they perceive it as an additional task. This is why taking a sensitive approach is important, adapted to the needs of schools and highlighting the benefits of health literacy. Installing health literacy in schools succeeds more easily if it can be linked to existing curricular requirements. In this context, curriculum and instruction on media literacy, information literacy, and digital literacy are most promising subjects to include health literacy because these concepts share many commonalities with health literacy and often are already part of the school curriculum. The aim of this article is to (1) analyze a mandatory curriculum on media literacy in the state of North-Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, (2) highlight its intersections with health literacy, and (3) show how it can be used to address health literacy. The state media literacy framework is based on the federal standards for "digital education" developed by the German Conference on Education Ministries und Cultural Affairs (KMK). As education policy and practice is decentralized with sixteen federal states in Germany, each of them has got their own media literacy framework, or they are currently developing it. This curriculum analysis may serve as a methodological blueprint for educationalists, teachers, and policy-maker elsewhere in order to include health literacy into existing curricula both health and non-health. It may help to integrate health literacy into schools when combined with existing curricula.
人们普遍认为,应该从儿童早期开始培养健康素养,以使儿童能够充分发挥其健康潜力。学校可以被视为增强健康素养的理想场所,因为它们在整个学年中几乎可以接触到所有学龄儿童。在年轻时培养健康素养是整个生命周期健康发展的催化剂。有证据表明,健康和教育是相互交织的,对健康(例如健康行为、知识)和教育成果(例如学业成就)都有积极影响。然而,尽管健康素养对健康和教育都很重要,但它往往没有充分融入学校课程。将健康素养融入学校具有挑战性,因为学校和教师已经面临许多教育要求,这可能会阻止他们在课堂上关注健康,因为他们认为这是一项额外的任务。这就是为什么采取敏感的方法很重要的原因,这种方法要适应学校的需求,并强调健康素养的好处。如果能够将健康素养与现有的课程要求联系起来,那么在学校中实施健康素养就会更容易成功。在这种情况下,包括媒体素养、信息素养和数字素养在内的课程和教学是最有希望的科目,因为这些概念与健康素养有许多共同之处,而且通常已经是学校课程的一部分。本文的目的是:(1)分析德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的强制性媒体素养课程;(2)突出其与健康素养的交集;(3)展示如何将其用于解决健康素养问题。该州的媒体素养框架是基于德国教育部长会议和文化事务部(KMK)制定的“数字教育”联邦标准。由于德国的教育政策和实践是分散的,有 16 个联邦州,每个州都有自己的媒体素养框架,或者他们正在制定自己的框架。这种课程分析可以作为教育工作者、教师和决策者在其他地方将健康素养纳入现有课程(包括健康和非健康课程)的方法蓝图。当与现有课程相结合时,它可以帮助将健康素养融入学校。