Zago Matteo, Lovecchio Nicola, Galli Manuela
Int J Sports Sci Coach. 2022 Jun;17(3):626-636. doi: 10.1177/17479541211041703.
Aggressive preventive actions were required to face the Covid-19 outbreak. However, from March 2020 on, many healthy youth football players have seen their sporting activities disrupted by the restrictions on outdoor exercise.This study describes physical activity and quality of life during April 2020 lockdown of young people participating in organized football.
1163 young football players aged 12-17 years (185 girls) completed a web-based questionnaire including the Youth Physical Activity and the Youth Quality of Life-Short Form Questionnaires; information on lifestyle and football-specific activity were also collected. Differences according to sex, urban/rural context and élite/non-élite club level were tested using a 2 2 2 MANOVA (age considered as a covariate).
We found that: (i) on average, exposure to football accounted for 3.2 hours/week, was higher in élite clubs and changed in nature, being mainly performed individually; 19% of participants practiced football <1 hour/week; (ii) only 56% of the participants reported 7 or more hours/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, which decreased with age and changed according to the geographical context; (iii) perceived quality of life was lower in youth playing for non-elite clubs and in older girls; (iv) coaches, rather that official initiatives, were the primary source of football exercises practiced at home.
A status of limited physical activity emerged; this might lead to deconditioning and susceptibility to injuries when football could restart. Governing bodies, football Associations and clubs could exploit these results to take informed decisions and support evidence-based interventions during and after the Covid-19 pandemic.
面对新冠疫情的爆发，需要采取积极的预防措施。然而，自2020年3月起，许多健康的青少年足球运动员的体育活动因户外锻炼限制而中断。本研究描述了2020年4月参与有组织足球活动的青少年在封锁期间的身体活动和生活质量。
1163名年龄在12至17岁的青少年足球运动员（185名女孩）完成了一份基于网络的问卷，其中包括青少年身体活动问卷和青少年生活质量简版问卷；还收集了有关生活方式和足球专项活动的信息。使用2×2×2多变量方差分析（将年龄视为协变量）来检验性别、城乡背景和精英/非精英俱乐部水平之间的差异。
我们发现：（i）平均而言，每周接触足球的时间为3.2小时，在精英俱乐部中更高，且性质有所变化，主要是单独进行；19%的参与者每周踢足球的时间少于1小时；（ii）只有56%的参与者报告每周有7小时或更多的中等至剧烈身体活动，这一比例随年龄下降，并因地理环境而异；（iii）在非精英俱乐部踢球的青少年和年龄较大的女孩的生活质量感知较低；（iv）教练而非官方倡议是在家中进行足球训练的主要来源。
出现了身体活动受限的状况；当足球活动可以重新开始时，这可能导致身体机能下降和受伤易感性增加。管理机构、足球协会和俱乐部可以利用这些结果做出明智的决策，并在新冠疫情期间及之后支持基于证据的干预措施。
