Harris Patrick, Harris-Roxas Ben, Prior Jason, Morrison Nicky, McIntyre Erica, Frawley Jane, Adams Jon, Bevan Whitney, Haigh Fiona, Freeman Evan, Hua Myna, Pry Jennie, Mazumdar Soumya, Cave Ben, Viliani Francesca, Kwan Benjamin
Centre for Health Equity Training, Research & Evaluation (CHETRE), Part of the UNSW Australia Research Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, A Unit of Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, A member of the Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia.
School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
Cities. 2022 Aug;127:103767. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103767. Epub 2022 May 30.
COVID-19 is the most recent respiratory pandemic to necessitate better knowledge about city planning and design. The complex connections between cities and pandemics, however challenge traditional approaches to reviewing literature. In this article we adopted a rapid review methodology. We review the historical literature on respiratory pandemics and their documented connections to urban planning and design (both broadly defined as being concerned with cities as complex systems). Our systematic search across multidisciplinary databases returned a total of 1323 sources, with 92 articles included in the final review. Findings showed that the literature represents the multi-scalar nature of cities and pandemics - pandemics are global phenomena spread through an interconnected world, but require regional, city, local and individual responses. We characterise the literature under ten themes: scale (global to local); built environment; governance; modelling; non-pharmaceutical interventions; socioeconomic factors; system preparedness; system responses; underserved and vulnerable populations; and future-proofing urban planning and design. We conclude that the historical literature captures how city planning and design intersects with a public health response to respiratory pandemics. Our thematic framework provides parameters for future research and policy responses to the varied connections between cities and respiratory pandemics.
新冠疫情是最近一次需要我们更好地了解城市规划与设计的呼吸道大流行疾病。然而，城市与大流行之间的复杂联系对传统的文献综述方法提出了挑战。在本文中，我们采用了快速综述方法。我们回顾了关于呼吸道大流行疾病的历史文献以及它们与城市规划和设计（两者广义上都被定义为关注作为复杂系统的城市）之间的记录联系。我们在多学科数据库中的系统检索共返回了1323个来源，最终综述纳入了92篇文章。研究结果表明，这些文献体现了城市和大流行疾病的多尺度性质——大流行疾病是通过相互关联的世界传播的全球现象，但需要区域、城市、地方和个人层面的应对措施。我们将这些文献归纳为十个主题：尺度（从全球到地方）；建成环境；治理；建模；非药物干预措施；社会经济因素；系统准备；系统应对；服务不足和弱势群体；以及城市规划与设计的未来保障。我们得出结论，历史文献记录了城市规划与设计如何与针对呼吸道大流行疾病的公共卫生应对措施相互交叉。我们的主题框架为未来研究以及针对城市与呼吸道大流行疾病之间各种联系的政策应对提供了参数。
