Graduate School of Engineering and Advanced Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Graduate School of Humanities and Social Science, Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), and the Center for Peaceful and Sustainable Futures (CEPEAS), Hiroshima University, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 1;850:158056. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158056. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Soon after its emergence, COVID-19 became a global problem. While different types of vaccines and treatments are now available, still non-pharmacological policies play a critical role in managing the pandemic. The literature is enriched enough to provide comprehensive, practical, and scientific insights to better deal with the pandemic. This research aims to find out how the built environment and human factors have affected the transmission of COVID-19 on different scales, including country, state, county, city, and urban district. This is done through a systematic literature review of papers indexed on the Web of Science and Scopus. Initially, these databases returned 4264 papers, and after different stages of screening, we found 166 relevant papers and reviewed them. The empirical papers that had at least one case study and analyzed the effects of at least one built environment factor on the spread of COVID-19 were selected. Results showed that the driving forces can be divided into seven main categories: density, land use, transportation and mobility, housing conditions, demographic factors, socio-economic factors, and health-related factors. We found that among other things, overcrowding, public transport use, proximity to public spaces, the share of health and services workers, levels of poverty, and the share of minorities and vulnerable populations are major predictors of the spread of the pandemic. As the most studied factor, density was associated with mixed results on different scales, but about 58 % of the papers reported that it is linked with a higher number of cases. This study provides insights for policymakers and academics to better understand the dynamic roles of the non-pharmacological driving forces of COVID-19 at different levels.
新冠疫情出现后不久，便成为了一个全球性问题。虽然现在有了多种疫苗和治疗方法，但非药物性政策在管理大流行方面仍起着至关重要的作用。相关文献已经足够丰富，为更好地应对大流行提供了全面、实用和科学的见解。本研究旨在探究不同规模（包括国家、州、县、市和城区）的建筑环境和人为因素如何影响新冠病毒的传播。本研究通过对 Web of Science 和 Scopus 索引的论文进行系统文献回顾来实现这一目标。最初，这两个数据库返回了 4264 篇论文，经过不同阶段的筛选，我们找到了 166 篇相关论文并进行了回顾。选择了至少有一个案例研究且分析了至少一个建筑环境因素对新冠病毒传播影响的实证论文。结果表明，驱动力可分为七个主要类别：密度、土地利用、交通和流动性、住房条件、人口因素、社会经济因素和与健康相关的因素。我们发现，除其他因素外，过度拥挤、使用公共交通工具、靠近公共空间、卫生和服务工作者的比例、贫困水平以及少数群体和弱势群体的比例是大流行传播的主要预测因素。作为研究最多的因素，密度在不同规模上的结果存在差异，但约有 58%的论文报告称，密度与更多病例有关。本研究为政策制定者和学者提供了深入了解不同层面新冠疫情非药物性驱动因素的动态作用的见解。
