Ruggieri F, Porcuna-Ferrer A, Gaudin A, Faye N F, Reyes-García V, Labeyrie V
CIRAD, UMR SENS, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
J Ethnobiol. 2021 Oct;41(3):389-408. doi: 10.2993/0278-0771-41.3.389. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
Beyond the observation of climatic variations and their impact on livelihoods, farmers' knowledge about climate change? can help understand how rural populations respond to environmental changes and what factors should policies consider when planning rural adaptation. This study documents Sereer farmers' observations of local environmental changes in the Fatick region of Senegal and explores how the farmers use crop diversity to adapt to those changes. Their observations of environmental changes were documented through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Variations in crop diversity as well as farmers' explanations for these variations were assessed through surveys in two villages (n=126 households). Sereer farmers identify four distinct periods of similar climate trends and reported how they managed crop diversity in response to the climate variations between periods. Three management responses stand out: abandonment of long-cycle varieties during drought periods, adoption of short-cycle varieties during periods with shorter rainy seasons, and reinstating of long-cycle varieties with the return of rains. Sereer farmers consider that climate variations are important reasons to modify their crop varieties, although variety selection is also affected by other socio-economic and cultural reasons. This study illustrates the contributions that local knowledge can bring to understanding the local impact of climate change on smallholder farmers. Understanding how they use crop diversity to adapt to climate variations can be the bases of climate change adaptation policies that address local needs and constraints.
除了观察气候变化及其对生计的影响外，农民对气候变化的了解有助于理解农村人口如何应对环境变化，以及政策在规划农村适应措施时应考虑哪些因素。本研究记录了塞内加尔法蒂克地区塞雷尔族农民对当地环境变化的观察，并探讨了农民如何利用作物多样性来适应这些变化。通过焦点小组讨论和半结构化访谈记录了他们对环境变化的观察。通过对两个村庄（n = 126户）的调查评估了作物多样性的变化以及农民对这些变化的解释。塞雷尔族农民确定了四个气候趋势相似的不同时期，并报告了他们如何根据不同时期的气候变化管理作物多样性。三种管理应对措施尤为突出：干旱时期放弃种植长周期品种，雨季较短时期采用短周期品种，随着降雨回归重新种植长周期品种。塞雷尔族农民认为气候变化是改变作物品种的重要原因，尽管品种选择也受到其他社会经济和文化因素的影响。本研究说明了当地知识在理解气候变化对小农户的当地影响方面所能做出的贡献。了解他们如何利用作物多样性来适应气候变化可以成为满足当地需求和限制条件的气候变化适应政策的基础。
