Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; INSERM European Unit (IAME), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; INSERM European Unit (IAME), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2022 Sep;30:81-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.022. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
To perform the first prospective surveillance evaluating the occurrence of genes encoding colistin resistance, fosfomycin resistance, carbapenemase, or extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) among Enterobacterial isolates recovered from the gut flora of pigs from Egypt.
Between February and April 2020, 81 rectal swabs were collected from pigs in a slaughterhouse, Cairo, Egypt. Samples were screened for different resistance mechanisms using SuperPolymyxin, ChromID ESBL, SuperFOS, and SuperCarba selective agar plates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates using disk diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. PCR screening was performed for ESBLs, carbapenemases, mcr, and fosA genes. Mating-out assays, multilocus sequence typing analysis, and plasmid typing were also performed.
A high prevalence of ESBLs, carbapenemases, fosfomycin, and colistin resistance genes was evidenced among those isolates. The predominant ESBL identified was bla, followed by bla. We also identified bla and bla. fosA3, fosA4, and fosA6 were identified in E. coli isolates. In addition, 11 MCR-1 producers were recovered. Notably, co-occurrence of ESBL genes and mcr or fosA genes was observed. MLST analysis revealed a high clonal diversity, ruling out the dissemination of one major clone. IncFIB-type was predominantly present among ESBL and FosA producers. The bla gene was carried on an IncX4-type, although the bla gene was chromosomally located. The mcr-1 gene was carried on a diversity of plasmids (IncI2, IncX4, and IncHI2).
These results raise serious public health concerns as Egyptian pig meat could serve as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), leading to worldwide dissemination.
对来自埃及屠宰场猪肠道菌群分离的肠杆菌进行前瞻性监测，评估其携带编码黏菌素耐药、磷霉素耐药、碳青霉烯酶或超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的基因的情况。
2020 年 2 月至 4 月，从埃及开罗的一家屠宰场收集了 81 份直肠拭子。使用 SuperPolymyxin、ChromID ESBL、SuperFOS 和 SuperCarba 选择性琼脂平板对不同的耐药机制进行了筛选。使用纸片扩散和肉汤微量稀释技术对所有分离株进行了药敏试验。还进行了 ESBL、碳青霉烯酶、mcr 和 fosA 基因的 PCR 筛查。还进行了交配试验、多位点序列分型分析和质粒分型。
这些分离株中存在高水平的 ESBL、碳青霉烯酶、磷霉素和黏菌素耐药基因。主要的 ESBL 基因是 blaCTX-M，其次是 blaTEM。我们还在大肠杆菌分离株中鉴定出了 blaCTX-M 和 blaCTX-M。此外，还回收了 11 株 MCR-1 生产者。值得注意的是，观察到 ESBL 基因和 mcr 或 fosA 基因的共存。MLST 分析显示存在高度的克隆多样性，排除了一个主要克隆的传播。在 ESBL 和 FosA 生产者中，IncFIB 型占主导地位。blaCTX-M 基因位于 IncX4 型质粒上，尽管 blaCTX-M 基因位于染色体上。mcr-1 基因位于各种质粒上（IncI2、IncX4 和 IncHI2）。
这些结果引起了严重的公共卫生关注，因为埃及猪肉可能成为抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的储存库，导致其在全球范围内传播。
