García-Díez Juan, Saraiva Sónia, Moura Dina, Grispoldi Luca, Cenci-Goga Beniamino Terzo, Saraiva Cristina
Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal.
Vet Sci. 2023 Feb 20;10(2):167. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10020167.
From the point of public health, the objective of the slaughterhouse is to guarantee the safety of meat in which meat inspection represent an essential tool to control animal diseases and guarantee the public health. The slaughterhouse can be used as surveillance center for livestock diseases. However, other aspects related with animal and human health, such as epidemiology and disease control in primary production, control of animal welfare on the farm, surveillance of zoonotic agents responsible for food poisoning, as well as surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance, can be monitored. These controls should not be seen as a last defensive barrier but rather as a complement to the controls carried out on the farm. Regarding the control of diseases in livestock, scientific research is scarce and outdated, not taking advantage of the potential for disease control. Animal welfare in primary production and during transport can be monitored throughout ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse, providing valuable individual data on animal welfare. Surveillance and research regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at slaughterhouses is scarce, mainly in cattle, sheep, and goats. However, most of the zoonotic pathogens are sensitive to the antibiotics studied. Moreover, the prevalence at the slaughterhouse of zoonotic and foodborne agents seems to be low, but a lack of harmonization in terms of control and communication may lead to underestimate its real prevalence.
从公共卫生的角度来看，屠宰场的目标是确保肉类安全，其中肉类检验是控制动物疾病和保障公众健康的重要手段。屠宰场可作为家畜疾病的监测中心。然而，与动物和人类健康相关的其他方面，如初级生产中的流行病学和疾病控制、农场动物福利的控制、对引起食物中毒的人畜共患病原体的监测以及抗菌药物耐药性的监测与控制，也都可以进行监测。这些控制不应被视为最后的防御屏障，而应作为对农场实施的控制的补充。关于家畜疾病的控制，科学研究匮乏且过时，没有充分利用疾病控制的潜力。在屠宰场的宰前和宰后检查过程中，可以对初级生产和运输过程中的动物福利进行监测，从而提供有关动物福利的宝贵个体数据。屠宰场中关于抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的监测和研究很少，主要集中在牛、羊和山羊身上。然而，大多数人畜共患病原体对所研究的抗生素敏感。此外，人畜共患病原体和食源性病原体在屠宰场的流行率似乎较低，但在控制和信息交流方面缺乏协调可能导致低估其实际流行率。
