Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754, Egypt.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(50):76135-76143. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20611-5. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease (ND) that represents the principal cause of dementia. Effective treatment is still lacking. Without prevention, Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence is expected to triple within 30 years. The risk increases in highly polluted areas and is positively linked to chronic aluminum (Al) exposure. Canonical Wingless-Int (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway has been found to play a considerable role in ND pathogenesis. Resins of Boswellia serrata (frankincense) have been used traditionally for their psychoactive activity, in addition to their memory-boosting effects. Boswellic acids (BA) are pentacyclic triterpenes. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in BA protective activity against aluminum-induced Alzheimer's disease. For 6 weeks, rats were treated daily with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/i.p.) either alone or with BA (125 or 250 mg/kg PO). Results indicated that BA significantly improved learning and memory impairments induced by AlCl treatment. Moreover, BA treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase levels and reduced amyloid-beta (Aβ) expression. In addition, BA ameliorated the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inhibited lipid peroxidation, and increased total antioxidants in the brain. Indeed, BA significantly suppressed AlCl-induced decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pGSK-3β (Ser 9), and β-catenin. BA (250 mg/kg) showed a significant protective effect compared to a lower dose. The results conclude that BA administration modulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related parameters, contributing to BA's role against Al-induced Alzheimer's disease. Effect of Boswellic acids on AlCl-induced neurodegenerative changes. ChE cholinesterase, Ach acetylcholine, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, IL-1β interleukin-1β, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病（ND），是痴呆的主要病因。目前仍缺乏有效的治疗方法。如果没有预防措施，预计在 30 年内，阿尔茨海默病（AD）的发病率将增加两倍。在污染严重的地区，这种疾病的风险会增加，而且与慢性铝（Al）暴露呈正相关。经典的 Wingless-Int（Wnt）/β-连环蛋白途径已被发现对神经退行性疾病的发病机制起着相当大的作用。乳香（Boswellia serrata）树脂传统上被用于其精神活性作用，此外还有增强记忆力的作用。乳香酸（BA）是五环三萜。它们具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗伤害和免疫调节作用。本研究旨在阐明 Wnt/β-连环蛋白途径在 BA 对铝诱导的阿尔茨海默病的保护作用中的作用。在 6 周的时间里，大鼠每天接受 AlCl3（100mg/kg/i.p.）治疗，单独或与 BA（125 或 250mg/kg PO）一起治疗。结果表明，BA 显著改善了 AlCl 处理引起的学习和记忆障碍。此外，BA 治疗还显著降低了乙酰胆碱酯酶水平，减少了淀粉样β（Aβ）的表达。此外，BA 改善了肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的表达增加，抑制了脂质过氧化，并增加了大脑中的总抗氧化剂。事实上，BA 显著抑制了 AlCl3 诱导的脑源性神经营养因子、pGSK-3β（Ser9）和 β-连环蛋白的减少。与低剂量相比，BA（250mg/kg）表现出显著的保护作用。结果表明，BA 给药调节了 Wnt/β-连环蛋白途径相关参数的表达，这有助于 BA 对抗 Al 诱导的阿尔茨海默病的作用。乳香酸对 AlCl3 诱导的神经退行性变化的影响。ChE 胆碱酯酶，Ach 乙酰胆碱，BDNF 脑源性神经营养因子，IL-1β 白细胞介素-1β，TNF-α 肿瘤坏死因子-α。
