Manekar Snehal S, Bakal Ravindrakumar L, Jawarkar Rahul D, Charde Manoj S
Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, University Mardi Road, Amravati, Maharashtra 444602 India.
Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Maharashtra India.
Bull Natl Res Cent. 2022;46(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s42269-022-00847-4. Epub 2022 May 31.
During coronavirus pandemic, an unpredictable pile of biomedical waste (BMW) gathers at the top. India produces 710 tonnes of biomedical waste daily. The contribution of COVID-19 related biomedical waste was 126 tonnes per day in first wave of the pandemic. BMW's rapid growth is putting a strain on current waste management facilities, especially in developing countries. A sudden boost in biomedical waste needs rapid and proper segregation and disposal methods to avoid future consequences.
From literatures and statistical data available on Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) it shows that India lags behind in large-scale sorting, collection, careful storage, transfer and disposal of bio waste. India has its own guidelines set by the CPCB to ensure the safe disposal of biomedical waste during diagnosis, treatment and quarantine of COVID-19 patients. Although there are strict guidelines for bio-waste management, many hospitals in the process of implementing them often dispose of waste in inappropriate, chaotic and indiscriminate ways due to negligence or laziness. Often, due to poor separation practices, hospital waste is mixed with general waste, resulting in harmful overall waste flow. Waste disposal handlers are not safe due to their exposure to various health risks and inadequate training in waste management. The present review sheds light on guidelines, measures, and challenges related to biomedical waste management.
Improper waste separation leads to improper waste disposal. Waste generation and management issues are causing daily problems as they have a profound impact on the dramatically changing global environment, including air, water and soil pollution. In addition, BMW's daily production and its processing are inversely proportional. This situation suggests that India will soon be drowning in its own garbage. The focus of this review is on the generation and disposal of biomedical waste. Based on a review of the literature, this evaluation provides a comparative picture of the current status of waste generation, national waste management strategies, and some measures to contribute to waste management and avoid future disasters.
在新冠疫情期间，数量惊人的生物医疗废物堆积如山。印度每天产生710吨生物医疗废物。在疫情第一波期间，与新冠疫情相关的生物医疗废物每天产生量为126吨。生物医疗废物的快速增长给当前的废物管理设施带来了压力，尤其是在发展中国家。生物医疗废物的突然增加需要快速且恰当的分类和处置方法，以避免未来产生不良后果。
从中央污染控制委员会（CPCB）提供的文献和统计数据来看，印度在生物废物的大规模分类、收集、妥善储存、转移和处置方面滞后。印度有CPCB制定的自身准则，以确保在新冠患者诊断、治疗和隔离期间生物医疗废物的安全处置。尽管有严格的生物废物管理准则，但许多医院在实施过程中，往往由于疏忽或懈怠，以不当、混乱且随意的方式处置废物。由于分类操作不佳，医院废物常常与一般废物混合，导致有害的整体废物流向。废物处置工作人员因接触各种健康风险且在废物管理方面培训不足，并不安全。本综述揭示了与生物医疗废物管理相关的准则、措施和挑战。
废物分类不当导致废物处置不当。废物产生和管理问题正引发日常问题，因为它们对急剧变化的全球环境，包括空气、水和土壤污染，产生了深远影响。此外，生物医疗废物的日产量与其处理量成反比。这种情况表明印度很快将被自身垃圾淹没。本综述的重点是生物医疗废物的产生和处置。基于文献综述，本评估提供了废物产生现状、国家废物管理策略以及一些有助于废物管理和避免未来灾难的措施的比较情况。
