Dimitrić Goran, Jakšić Milorad, Sadri Filip, Šajber Dorica, Kaurin Tanja, Zenić Nataša, Tabakova Elena
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 May 20;4:887216. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.887216. eCollection 2022.
The aim of this study was to determine the gender differences between students' actual and perceived water abilities, how respondents assess risk in the described situations, and whether there are gender differences for those situations. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 students aged 19-20 years (males, = 88; females, = 62) from the faculty of sport and physical education, University of Novi Sad. Using calculated frequencies and estimates, students' self-assessment and actual measures of their swimming and survival skills and their perceived risk of drowning are described. Based on the results, Mann-Whitney U tests were applied. The differences between independent variables (gender) were analyzed according to dependent measures (water competency). To determine the significance of the relationship between actual and perceived skills, Spearman-rank correlation coefficients were calculated. The results of this study confirmed gender differences between students' actual and perceived water abilities, and that the male and female students had inaccurate perceptions of their own perceived and real water abilities. Both male and female students, with high precision, assessed their ability to swim long distances (rs = 0.601; rs = 0.694) just as female students assessed their ability to float (rs = 0.698). Male students greatly overestimated their backstroke swimming, while female students underestimated their ability to dive into the water. Both groups overestimated underwater swimming and underestimated their surface dive skill. Also, there was gender differences between students in assessing the risk for described situations.
本研究的目的是确定学生实际和感知的水上能力之间的性别差异、受访者在所述情况下如何评估风险，以及这些情况是否存在性别差异。这项横断面研究是对诺维萨德大学体育与运动学院150名19至20岁的学生进行的（男性88名；女性62名）。通过计算频率和估计值，描述了学生对自己游泳和生存技能的自我评估、实际测量结果以及他们感知的溺水风险。根据结果，应用了曼-惠特尼U检验。根据相关指标（水上能力）分析自变量（性别）之间的差异。为了确定实际技能和感知技能之间关系的显著性，计算了斯皮尔曼等级相关系数。本研究结果证实了学生实际和感知的水上能力之间存在性别差异，并且男女生对自己感知和实际的水上能力存在不准确的认知。男女生都能高度准确地评估自己游长距离的能力（rs = 0.601；rs = 0.694），就像女生评估自己漂浮的能力一样（rs = 0.698）。男生大大高估了自己仰泳的能力，而女生低估了自己跳入水中的能力。两组都高估了水下游泳能力，低估了水面潜水技能。此外，学生在评估所述情况下的风险时也存在性别差异。
