Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2023 Mar 1;78(3):486-493. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glac123.
Older females show greater cognitive gains from physical activity (PA) than males, which may be related to long-term consequences of female-specific reproductive events (eg, pregnancy) on cognitive health.
To determine whether previous parity could moderate the relationship between PA and cognitive decline in older women, we conducted secondary analyses of data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. We tested whether the association between average PA over 10 years and cognition (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MS]) and executive functioning (digit symbol substitution test [DSST]) over 10 years varied by previous parity (nulliparity, low parity, medium parity, and grand multiparity). An analysis of covariance was performed with cognition (average and change over 10 years) as the dependent variables, parity as a categorical predictor, average PA as a continuous predictor, and a set of relevant covariates.
Significant interactions were found between PA and parity group for all 4 comparisons: average 3MS (p = .014), average DSST (p = .032), change in 3MS (p = .016), and change in DSST (p = .017). Simple slope analyses indicated the positive relationship between PA and average 3MS and DSST was only significant in the nulliparity and grand multiparity groups, and the positive relationship between PA and change in 3MS and DSST was only significant in the grand multiparity group.
The findings suggest the relationship between self-reported walking and cognitive performance was strongest in the groups at risk for cognitive decline and dementia, the nulliparous and grand multiparous groups.
与男性相比，老年女性从身体活动（PA）中获得的认知增益更大，这可能与女性特有的生殖事件（例如怀孕）对认知健康的长期影响有关。
为了确定既往生育次数是否可以调节 PA 与老年女性认知能力下降之间的关系，我们对健康、衰老和身体成分研究的数据进行了二次分析。我们检验了 10 年内平均 PA 与认知（改良简易精神状态检查[3MS]）和执行功能（数字符号替代测试[DSST]）之间的关联是否因既往生育次数（未生育、低生育次数、中等生育次数和多育）而异。采用协方差分析，将认知（10 年内的平均值和变化）作为因变量，生育次数作为分类预测因子，平均 PA 作为连续预测因子，以及一组相关协变量。
在所有 4 项比较中，PA 与生育次数组之间均存在显著的交互作用：平均 3MS（p =.014）、平均 DSST（p =.032）、3MS 变化（p =.016）和 DSST 变化（p =.017）。简单斜率分析表明，PA 与平均 3MS 和 DSST 之间的正相关关系仅在未生育和多育组中具有统计学意义，而 PA 与 3MS 和 DSST 变化之间的正相关关系仅在多育组中具有统计学意义。
研究结果表明，在认知衰退和痴呆风险较高的组（未生育和多育组）中，自我报告的步行与认知表现之间的关系最强。
