Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; email:
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2022 Sep 8;76:503-532. doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-111021-053553. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
Biofilms are a widely observed growth mode in which microbial communities are spatially structured and embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Here, we focus on the model bacterium and summarize the current understanding of biofilm formation, including initial attachment, matrix components, community dynamics, social interactions, molecular regulation, and dispersal. The regulatory network that orchestrates the decision to form and disperse from biofilms coordinates various environmental inputs. These cues are integrated by several transcription factors, regulatory RNAs, and second-messenger molecules, including bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Through complex mechanisms, weighs the energetic cost of forming biofilms against the benefits of protection and social interaction that biofilms provide.
生物膜是一种广泛存在的生长模式，其中微生物群落在空间上被结构化并嵌入到聚合物细胞外基质中。在这里，我们专注于模式细菌 ，总结了生物膜形成的当前理解，包括初始附着、基质成分、群落动态、社会相互作用、分子调节和分散。协调形成和分散生物膜决策的调控网络协调各种环境输入。这些线索由几个转录因子、调节 RNA 和第二信使分子（包括双-(3'-5')-环二鸟苷单磷酸（c-di-GMP））整合。通过复杂的机制， 权衡了形成生物膜的能量成本与生物膜提供的保护和社会相互作用的好处。
