Bellur Shreyas, Thota Suraj Samuel, Raj Jeffrey Pradeep, Kallarakal Tomy K, Nadig Raghunandan
St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India,
St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India.
Neuroepidemiology. 2022;56(4):298-305. doi: 10.1159/000525336. Epub 2022 Jun 7.
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disease characterized by an urge to move the legs, often caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs. It affects the quality of sleep which in turn affects scholastic performance in children and predisposes them to cardiovascular diseases in the long run. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of RLS, poor sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).
This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted between September 2017 and March 2020 in Bengaluru, India, including all consenting PreUniversity College, Degree College, and Higher Secondary school students. After parental consent and assent (if applicable) was obtained, a semi-structured standardized pilot-tested questionnaire consisting of the RLS diagnostic criteria, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale, and questions on sleep hygiene was administered. The prevalence was expressed as proportions and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Regression analysis was done to determine the predictors.
The overall prevalence (95% CI; frequency) of students with RLS, poor sleep quality, and EDS in our study population was 8.36% (7.54, 9.24; n = 1,544/4,211), 36.67% (35.21, 38.14; n = 1,544/4,211), and 39.87% (38.39, 41.37; n = 1,679/4,211), respectively. PSQI and Epworth score were the significant predictors of RLS. Age, Epworth score, knowledge score, and the number of unacceptable sleep habits were the significant predictors of sleep quality. Female gender, PSQI, RLS, knowledge score, and the number of unacceptable sleep habits were the significant predictors of EDS.
The prevalence of RLS, those with poor sleep quality and EDS among adolescents and young adults was higher when compared to the historical data of general population in the same city.
不宁腿综合征（RLS）是一种感觉运动障碍性疾病，其特征为腿部有活动冲动，常由腿部不适和不愉快的感觉引起。它会影响睡眠质量，进而影响儿童的学业表现，并长期使他们易患心血管疾病。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估RLS、睡眠质量差和日间过度嗜睡（EDS）的患病率及预测因素。
这是一项于2017年9月至2020年3月在印度班加罗尔进行的横断面观察性研究，纳入所有同意参与的预科大学、学位学院和高中学生。在获得家长同意和（如适用）学生同意后，发放一份经过预试验的半结构化标准化问卷，其中包括RLS诊断标准、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、爱泼华嗜睡量表以及关于睡眠卫生的问题。患病率以比例和95%置信区间（95%CI）表示。进行回归分析以确定预测因素。
在我们的研究人群中，患有RLS、睡眠质量差和EDS的学生的总体患病率（95%CI；频数）分别为8.36%（7.54，9.24；n = 1544/4211）、36.67%（35.21，38.14；n = 1544/4211）和39.87%（38.39，41.37；n = 1679/4211）。PSQI和爱泼华评分是RLS的显著预测因素。年龄、爱泼华评分、知识评分以及不可接受的睡眠习惯数量是睡眠质量的显著预测因素。女性性别、PSQI、RLS、知识评分以及不可接受的睡眠习惯数量是EDS的显著预测因素。
与同一城市普通人群的历史数据相比，青少年和青年中RLS、睡眠质量差和EDS的患病率更高。
