Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America.
Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022 Aug 15;449:116100. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116100. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
Crude oil is an unrefined petroleum product that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and other organic material. Studies on the individual components of crude oil and crude oil exposure itself suggest it has immunomodulatory potential. As investigations of the immunotoxicity of crude oil focus mainly on ingestion and dermal exposure, the effects of whole-body inhalation of 300 ppm crude oil vapor [COV; acute inhalation exposure: (6 h × 1 d); or a 28 d sub-chronic exposure (6 h/d × 4 d/wk. × 4 wks)] was investigated 1, 28, and 90 d post-exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute exposure increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cellularity, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and absolute and percent CDllb+ cells only at 1 d post-exposure; additionally, NK cell activity was suppressed. Sub-chronic exposure resulted in a decreased frequency of CD4+ T-cells at 1 d post-exposure and an increased number and frequency of B-cells at 28 d post-exposure in the lung-associated lymph nodes. A significant increase in the number and frequency of B-cells was observed in the spleen at 1 d post-exposure; however, NK cell activity was suppressed at this time point. No effect on cellularity was identified in the BALF. No change in the IgM response to sheep red blood cells was observed. The findings indicate that crude oil inhalation exposure resulted in alterations in cellularity of phenotypic subsets that may impair immune function in rats.
原油是一种未经精炼的石油产品，是碳氢化合物和其他有机物质的混合物。对原油的各个成分和原油暴露本身的研究表明，它具有免疫调节潜力。由于对原油免疫毒性的研究主要集中在摄入和皮肤暴露上，因此研究了全身吸入 300ppm 原油蒸气[COV；急性吸入暴露：（1d 内 6h×1 次）；或 28d 亚慢性暴露（6h/d×4d/周×4 周）]对 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠的影响，分别在暴露后 1、28 和 90d 进行。急性暴露仅在 1d 后增加支气管肺泡灌洗液（BAL）中的细胞数、CD4+和 CD8+细胞以及绝对和百分比 CDllb+细胞；此外，NK 细胞活性受到抑制。亚慢性暴露导致肺相关淋巴结中 CD4+T 细胞在 1d 后减少，B 细胞在 28d 后增加和频率增加。在 1d 后，脾脏中 B 细胞的数量和频率显著增加；然而，此时 NK 细胞活性受到抑制。BALF 中的细胞数没有变化。对绵羊红细胞的 IgM 反应没有观察到变化。这些发现表明，原油吸入暴露导致表型亚群的细胞数量发生变化，可能会损害大鼠的免疫功能。
