Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
BMC Womens Health. 2022 Jun 7;22(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01761-7.
Intimate Partner violence (IPV) among pregnant women is a significant problem of public health importance. Nevertheless, there are relatively few studies which have examined the phenomenon in sub-Saharan settings. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the prevalence, perpetrators, and associated factors of IPV during pregnancy in Kenya.
We were making use of the 2014 Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) data and included women and girls of reproductive age (15-49 years) who have ever been pregnant ([Formula: see text]). A weighted sample of respondents who have experienced violence during pregnancy ([Formula: see text]) were selected for further bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses in order to examine the association between IPV and socio-demographic factors.
The prevalence of violence among pregnant women in Kenya was 9.2%, perpetrated mostly by the current husband or partner (47.6%), followed by the former husband or partner (31.5%). Physical violence was the most common (78.6%), followed by emotional (67.8%) and sexual (34.8%). Having one or two children ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]), having secondary or higher education ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) and being 18 years and above at first cohabitation ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) and at sexual debut ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) were significantly associated with fewer reports of violence during pregnancy. Pregnant women who were divorced, separated or widowed ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]), who were employed ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]), who had witnessed their fathers beat their mothers ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) and who had primary education ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) were significantly more likely to experience violence.
To prevent violence among pregnant women in Kenya, training health care providers should go hand in hand with interventions sensitising and mobilising community members, both addressing the socio-demographic drivers of IPV during pregnancy and directing a particular attention to the most vulnerable ones.
孕妇的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是一个具有重要公共卫生意义的问题。然而，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，研究这一现象的相对较少。本研究旨在概述肯尼亚孕妇怀孕期间 IPV 的流行率、施暴者和相关因素。
我们利用 2014 年肯尼亚人口与健康调查（KDHS）的数据，包括曾有过怀孕经历的育龄妇女和女童（15-49 岁）[Formula: see text]。选择了经历过怀孕期间暴力的受访者的加权样本[Formula: see text]，以进一步进行双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以检查 IPV 与社会人口因素之间的关联。
肯尼亚孕妇中暴力的流行率为 9.2%，主要由现任丈夫或伴侣实施（47.6%），其次是前夫或伴侣（31.5%）。最常见的是身体暴力（78.6%），其次是情感暴力（67.8%）和性暴力（34.8%）。有一个或两个孩子[Formula: see text]；[Formula: see text]）、接受过中等或高等教育[Formula: see text]；[Formula: see text]）、首次同居年龄为 18 岁及以上[Formula: see text]；[Formula: see text]）和首次性行为年龄为 18 岁及以上[Formula: see text]；[Formula: see text]）与报告怀孕期间暴力的次数减少显著相关。离婚、分居或丧偶的孕妇[Formula: see text]；[Formula: see text]）、就业的孕妇[Formula: see text]；[Formula: see text]）、目睹过父亲殴打母亲的孕妇[Formula: see text]；[Formula: see text]）和接受过小学教育的孕妇[Formula: see text]；[Formula: see text]）更有可能经历暴力。
为了防止肯尼亚孕妇遭受暴力，培训医疗保健提供者应与干预措施齐头并进，这些措施应引起社区成员的关注并调动他们，既要解决怀孕期间 IPV 的社会人口驱动因素，又要特别关注最脆弱的群体。
