退休年龄劳动者的晚年工作参与和心理健康风险：社会保障制度将产生多大影响？
Late-Life Working Participation and Mental Health Risk of Retirement-Aged Workers: How Much Impact Will There Be From Social Security System?
机构信息
From the School of Tourism Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Dr Yuan, Dr Zhang); and Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China (Dr Li).
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2022 Jul 1;64(7):e409-e416. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002561. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
PURPOSE
Increasing retirement-aged workers are encouraged to stay in the labor market, as delayed retirement initiative is proposed. This study investigates the interplay of late-life working participation and social security on the mental health risk of retirement-aged workers.
METHOD
We applied data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS-2018), and the instrumental variables regression was conducted.
RESULTS
Late-life working could alleviate depression, as did the beneficiary status of employment-based social health insurance and the pensionable phase of social pension participation. Besides, the role of late-life working in alleviating depression became more salient when late retirees were not insured by the employment-based social health insurance and still in the pension contribution phase.
CONCLUSIONS
It is suggested that the current social security system in China has not been sufficiently well designed to protect the mental health of retirement-aged workers.
目的
随着延迟退休倡议的提出，鼓励即将退休的工人继续留在劳动力市场。本研究调查了老年工作参与和社会保障对退休工人心理健康风险的相互作用。
方法
我们应用了中国健康与退休纵向研究（CHARLS-2018）的数据，并进行了工具变量回归。
结果
老年工作可以缓解抑郁，而就业型社会医疗保险的受益状况和社会养老金参与的可领养老金阶段也是如此。此外，当老年退休人员没有参加就业型社会医疗保险且仍处于养老金缴费阶段时，老年工作在缓解抑郁方面的作用更为显著。
结论
建议中国现行的社会保障体系还没有充分设计好来保护退休工人的心理健康。
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