University of the Punjab, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Life-Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Braz J Biol. 2022 Jun 3;82:e261695. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.261695. eCollection 2022.
Study was planned to assess the bio-efficiency along with toxicity of iron and zinc fortified whole wheat flour in Sprague dawley albino rats. Whole wheat flour was fortified with different dosage of sodium iron EDTA (NaFeEDTA), ferrous sulphate (FeSO4), zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). The rats (n=3) in each group were fed on fortified wheat flour for 2 months. Liver biomarkers including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin were recorded from serum samples. Increased concentration of ZnSO4 affected the liver biomarkers to be highest among all whereas, bilirubin levels were less than the rats fed on control diet. The above mentioned fortificants have negligible effect on renal biomarkers including creatinine and urea. Moreover, hematological parameters were also checked and reportedly, sodium iron EDTA fed rats presented highest amount of hemoglobin, iron and total iron binding capacity. Highest zinc level was observed in rats fed on whole wheat flour fortified with 60mg/Kg Zinc oxide. Microscopic observation of liver tissue depicted that rats fed on iron and zinc fortified wheat flour have more toxic effects whereas, histopathology presentation of kidney tissue has least toxic impact. It has been concluded that mandatory fortification of wheat flour with iron and zinc may cause increased serum biomarkers along with toxicity of vital organs like liver, hence fraction of wheat flour may be fortified to fulfill the requirements of deprived and vulnerable group.
这项研究旨在评估强化铁和锌的全麦面粉在 Sprague dawley 白化大鼠体内的生物利用度和毒性。将不同剂量的铁钠 EDTA（NaFeEDTA）、硫酸亚铁（FeSO4）、氧化锌（ZnO）和硫酸锌（ZnSO4）添加到全麦面粉中进行强化。每组 3 只大鼠连续 2 个月喂食强化小麦粉。从血清样本中记录肝脏生物标志物，包括碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和胆红素。在所有强化剂中，ZnSO4 的浓度增加对肝脏生物标志物的影响最大，而胆红素水平低于对照组。上述强化剂对肌酐和尿素等肾脏生物标志物几乎没有影响。此外，还检查了血液学参数，据报道，喂食 NaFeEDTA 的大鼠血红蛋白、铁和总铁结合力最高。喂食添加 60mg/Kg 氧化锌的全麦面粉的大鼠体内锌含量最高。肝组织的显微镜观察表明，喂食铁和锌强化小麦粉的大鼠毒性作用更强，而肾组织的组织病理学表现毒性作用最小。研究结论认为，强制性地在小麦粉中添加铁和锌可能会导致血清生物标志物升高，并对肝脏等重要器官产生毒性，因此可以对部分小麦粉进行强化，以满足弱势群体的需求。
