Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
J Vet Med Sci. 2022 Jul 10;84(7):946-953. doi: 10.1292/jvms.22-0056. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence at both farm-level and calf-level and to identify the risk factors of respiratory bacterial pathogens in dairy calves in Taiwan. The status of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was evaluated by using the Wisconsin scoring system from a total of 400 pre-weaned calves from 32 different farms in Taiwan, then the nasopharyngeal swabs were collected. The prevalence of respiratory pathogens was 84.37% at farm-level and 45.50% at calf-level, and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) was the most prevalent pathogen. The presence of Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis), P. multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) and Histophilus somni (H. somni) were all higher in BRD positive calves than BRD negative calves, but only in H. somni was significant (P<0.001). Then nine farm management risk factors were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression models to determine the risk factors of respiratory bacterial pathogens (farm and calf-level). In the result at farm-level, only unheated colostrum was significantly associated with pathogen positive farms (Odds Ratio (OR)=11.43). At calf-level, the predominant risk factor for each pathogen, M. bovis, P. multocida, M. haemolytica and H. somni, was late first colostrum feeding (OR=272.82), unheated colostrum (OR=3.41), waste milk feeding (OR=6.59) and high pneumonia treatment cost (OR=2.52), respectively. For effective preventive measures, farmer education on milk and colostrum feeding are urgently warranted.
本研究旨在调查台湾地区奶牛场和犊牛水平呼吸道细菌病原体的流行情况，并确定其风险因素。通过使用威斯康星评分系统，对来自台湾 32 个不同农场的 400 头未断奶犊牛进行了牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）评估，然后采集了鼻咽拭子。农场水平的呼吸道病原体流行率为 84.37%，犊牛水平的流行率为 45.50%，多杀性巴氏杆菌（P. multocida）是最常见的病原体。BRD 阳性犊牛中存在牛支原体（M. bovis）、多杀性巴氏杆菌、溶血性曼海姆菌（M. haemolytica）和产单核细胞增生李斯特菌（H. somni）的比例均高于 BRD 阴性犊牛，但只有产单核细胞增生李斯特菌的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。然后，使用多变量逻辑回归模型分析了 9 个农场管理风险因素，以确定呼吸道细菌病原体（农场和犊牛水平）的风险因素。在农场水平的结果中，只有未加热的初乳与病原体阳性农场显著相关（优势比（OR）=11.43）。在犊牛水平上，每种病原体（牛支原体、多杀性巴氏杆菌、溶血性曼海姆菌和产单核细胞增生李斯特菌）的主要风险因素分别为初乳喂养延迟（OR=272.82）、未加热的初乳（OR=3.41）、废奶喂养（OR=6.59）和高肺炎治疗费用（OR=2.52）。为了采取有效的预防措施，迫切需要对农民进行牛奶和初乳喂养的教育。
