Golestanzadeh Mohsen, Goodarzi-Khoigani Masoomeh, Shahrbanoo Daniali Seyede, Ebrahimpour Karim, Zarean Elaheh, Yazdi Maryam, Basirat Zohreh, Kelishadi Roya
Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(51):76970-76982. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20839-1. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
As phthalate metabolites might cross the placenta, it is possible to find them in the amniotic fluid. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the levels of phthalate metabolites in the amniotic fluid of a sample of Iranian women and its association with neonatal anthropometric measures. The other objective was to study the potential sources of maternal exposure to phthalates. This study was conducted from June 2019 to June 2021 in Isfahan, Iran. Pregnant women were recruited from their first trimester of pregnancy and followed up until their delivery. Amniotic fluid samples were collected from those who were assigned to have delivery by cesarean section. Overall, 158 samples of amniotic fluid were collected, of which 139 samples had sufficient volume and were free of blood. Data from 142 newborns were included in this study. Four phthalate metabolites were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After extraction of phthalate metabolites, 4 phthalate metabolites including mono-butyl phthalate (MBP; normal: 0.08 ± 0.79; overweight: 0.20 ± 1.11; obese: 0.07 ± 1.07; p-value: 0.405), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP; normal: 7.54 ± 6.69; overweight: 7.48 ± 7.16; obese: 8.67 ± 12.75; p-value: 0.729), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP; normal: 4.27 ± 6.36; overweight: 3.03 ± 8.44; obese: 3.53 ± 7.04; p-value: 0.245), and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP; normal: 246.18 ± 189.80; overweight: 238.48 ± 200.23; obese: 287.65 ± 206.70; p-value: 0.723) were simultaneously detected in samples of maternal amniotic fluid. Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to phthalate metabolites is positively associated with in utero exposure of the developing fetus. The geometric means and medians of MBP, MBzP, MEOHP, and MEHHP of detected samples were 10.17 (9.52), 6.24 (3.47), 5.03 (11.72), and 174.79 (229.94) (μg/L), respectively. The median anthropometric measures of newborns were as follows: weight 3171.8 g, height 49.6 cm, head circumferences 34.9 cm, chest 33.3 cm, hip 31.5 cm, and arm circumferences 10.8 cm. There was no statistically significant association between phthalate metabolites concentration and newborn's anthropometric measures (p > 0.05). Future studies should focus on the collection of amniotic fluid at different trimesters and the corresponding maternal samples to better characterize the association and health impacts of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals during fetal development.
由于邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物可能会穿过胎盘，因此有可能在羊水中发现它们。这项横断面研究旨在调查伊朗女性样本羊水中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的水平及其与新生儿人体测量指标的关联。另一个目标是研究母体接触邻苯二甲酸酯的潜在来源。本研究于2019年6月至2021年6月在伊朗伊斯法罕进行。孕妇从妊娠早期开始招募，并随访至分娩。羊水样本从那些被安排进行剖宫产的孕妇中采集。总共收集了158份羊水样本，其中139份样本量充足且无血液。本研究纳入了142名新生儿的数据。使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）测量了四种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物。在提取邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物后，在母体羊水样本中同时检测到了四种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物，包括邻苯二甲酸单丁酯（MBP；正常：0.08±0.79；超重：0.20±1.11；肥胖：0.07±1.07；p值：0.405）、邻苯二甲酸单苄酯（MBzP；正常：7.54±6.69；超重：7.48±7.16；肥胖：8.67±12.75；p值：0.729）、邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）酯（MEOHP；正常：4.27±6.36；超重：3.03±8.44；肥胖：3.53±7.04；p值：0.245）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）酯（MEHHP；正常：246.18±189.80；超重：238.48±200.23；肥胖：287.65±206.70；p值：0.723）。我们的研究结果表明，母体接触邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物与发育中胎儿的宫内暴露呈正相关。检测样本中MBP、MBzP、MEOHP和MEHHP的几何均值和中位数分别为10.17（9.52）、6.24（3.47）、5.03（11.72）和174.79（229.94）（μg/L）。新生儿的人体测量指标中位数如下：体重3171.8克，身高49.6厘米，头围34.9厘米，胸围33.3厘米，臀围31.5厘米，上臂围10.8厘米。邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度与新生儿人体测量指标之间无统计学显著关联（p>0.05）。未来的研究应侧重于在不同孕期收集羊水及相应的母体样本，以更好地描述这些内分泌干扰化学物质在胎儿发育过程中的关联和健康影响。
